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INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Therapeutic value of terpenes

Table 8. List of terpene‑related patents
Title of invention Patent number Treatment References
Injectable formulation of paclitaxel for coronary artery EP1618879B1 Coronary artery disease 375
disease treatment
Anti-tumor terpene compounds (i) WO2005049001A1 Cancer 376
(ii) CA2545717A1
Use of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes for the WO1994020080A9 Prostate cancer, colon cancer, astrocytoma, and 377
treatment of cancer sarcoma
Monoterpenoid derivatives for treatment of cancer WO1999045912A1 Cancer 378
Terpene and cannabinoid formulations WO2015068052A2 Pain, allergies, inflammation, infection, epilepsy, 379
depression, migraine, bipolar disorders, anxiety
disorder, and drug dependency and withdrawal
syndromes
Penetrating topical pain relief compositions and methods of WO2020243352A1 Topical pain 380
use
Device with compositions for delivery to the lungs, the oral AU2021201949A1 Pain, anxiety, depression, and plaque-related 381
mucosa, and the brain diseases.
Terpene-enriched cannabinoid composition US20220323371A1 Treating acute and/or chronic pain, including 382
chronic pain from multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia,
cancer, and peripheral neuropathy
Composition for preventing or treating neurodegenerative EP3701946A1 Neurodegenerative diseases 383
diseases, containing diterpene-based compound
Compositions comprising terpene compounds for treating US9415023B2 Negative sensory phenomena 384
negative sensory phenomena
Novel medicines based on sesquiterpene mixtures WO2001080868A1 Cancer and treatment of epithelial and connective 385
tissues
Compositions for improving skin conditions comprising WO2000062744A2 Acne, aging, and skin inflammation 386
alpha-bisabolol as an active ingredient

sugar). There are two types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes is in diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic
characterized by the pancreas’s inability to produce insulin, embryopathy, and impaired diabetic wound healing. 345,346
whereas type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body’s inability Terpenes, such as D-limonene, β-caryophyllene,
to use insulin, often caused by a lack of physical exercise or trans-anethole (TA), geranic acid, citral, farnesol,
obesity. Both types of diabetes are characterized by an increase farnesal, and terpinen-4-ol, have demonstrated potent
in blood sugar (hyperglycemia) and ROS in the body. In antihyperglycemic, anti-α-glucosidase, antioxidant, and
143
addition, diabetes is a significant risk factor for CVD, such as anti-inflammatory properties, 143,347,359-363 suggesting their
stroke, coronary artery disease, and blood vessel disease. 355-357 potential application as anti-diabetic agents. In a study on
345
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, and it streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats, D-limonene
regulates blood sugar by facilitating its uptake into cells was evaluated against oxidative stress parameters (i.e., lipid
and subsequent conversion into energy. Insulin also peroxidation by-products) and enzymatic antioxidants
358
regulates glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and fat cells (i.e., glutathione-S-transferase, GPx, SOD, and catalase
of the body and plays a role in the metabolism of fats, [CAT]), 347,361,364,365 and D-limonene demonstrated the
358
proteins, and carbohydrates. A dysregulation of these ability to alleviate oxidative stress by enhancing the
processes may lead to widespread damage to the body’s bioactivity of the enzymatic antioxidants and reducing the
tissues and organs, such as the heart, eyes, and kidneys. levels of lipid peroxidation by-products. 347
Triterpenes have demonstrated multiple antidiabetic Safranal, a monoterpenoid produced by the saffron
mechanisms, as well as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, plant (Crocus sativus L.), also demonstrated protection
and anti-obesity properties. In addition, triterpenes can against oxidative damage in STZ-induced diabetes rats
345
ameliorate insulin resistance, normalize plasma glucose through enhancement of antioxidant enzymes such as
and insulin levels, and inhibit the formation of advanced GPx, SOD, and CAT. 366,367 There was also a reduction in the
glycation end products (AGEs), commonly implicated levels of lipid peroxidation markers, including nitric oxide

Volume 7 Issue 3 (2024) 12 doi: 10.36922/itps.0332