Page 89 - ITPS-7-3

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Medical imaging technology

body systems, such as tumors, inflammation, trauma, and horizontally, the light point on the display screen moves
degenerative conditions. MRI is particularly effective for synchronously, creating a two-dimensional cross-section
examining sexual lesions and various congenital diseases. image scanned by the ultrasonic sound beam. B-mode
Its imaging of the brain, spine, and myelopathy is superior ultrasound is the most important diagnostic method in
to that of CT. MRI can display the structure of blood clinical applications. D-type ultrasound is based on the
vessels without using vascular contrast agents, making it Doppler principle.
unique in distinguishing between blood vessels, masses, The working principle of ultrasonic diagnosis relies
lymph nodes, and vascular structures. Its soft-tissue on the good directivity of ultrasonic waves and physical
resolution is several times higher than that of CT, allowing properties such as reflection, refraction, and attenuation,
it to sensitively detect changes in water content in tissue similar to light. Using an ultrasonic instrument and various
components. Therefore, MRI often detects lesions earlier scanning methods, ultrasonic waves are emitted into the
and more effectively than CT. body and spread through tissues. When there is a difference
MRI can clearly and comprehensively display the in acoustic impedance between normal and pathological
cardiac chambers, myocardium, pericardium, and other tissue, the echo signal is received and processed to form
small structures in the heart. It is a reliable method for a two-dimensional cross-sectional sonogram. Due to the
diagnosing various heart diseases and assessing cardiac different interface morphology, motion status, and degree of
function. The images obtained using MRI are exceptionally ultrasound absorption of various tissues, their echoes have
clear and detailed, greatly improving diagnostic efficiency specific commonalities and characteristics. By combining
and reducing the need for exploratory surgeries such physiological, pathological, and clinical knowledge with
as thoracotomy or laparotomy. Since MRI does not a series of human body section sonograms, the location,
use X-rays, which are harmful to the human body, or nature, or function of the lesion can be determined,
contrast agents that can often cause allergic reactions, it is allowing for an accurate diagnosis.
considered safe. MRI can image various parts of the human During ultrasound imaging, ultrasound beams are used
body from multiple angles and planes with high resolution, to scan the human body, and images of internal organs
providing detailed views of anatomical structures and their are obtained by receiving and processing reflected signals.
relationships, and better localizing and characterizing Ultrasound diagnostic technology is non-damaging, painless,
lesions. It is of great value in diagnosing diseases in various and can be performed repeatedly. It is particularly suitable
body systems, especially in detecting early-stage tumors.
for examining soft tissues, obtaining dynamic information,
3.3. Ultrasound imaging and conducting dynamic research. It has high sensitivity and
resolution, is small in size, and is highly automated. Recent
Ultrasound is one of the best non-invasive and painless advancements in ultrasound imaging technology include
examination methods for human lesions today. In the grayscale and color display, real-time imaging, ultrasound
1960s, ultrasonic technology was applied to clinical holography, and intrabody cavity ultrasound imaging.
diagnosis, leading to the development of type A, M, B, and Ultrasound imaging methods are often used to determine the
C ultrasonic diagnostic machines. These machines can be
used to observe the internal structure of the human body, location, size, and shape of organs; delineate the scope and
physical properties of lesions; provide anatomical diagrams
diagnose tumors and cysts, and check the normality of of glandular tissues; and identify normal and abnormal
organs, fetuses, and more. Long-term use, observation, fetuses. It is widely used in ophthalmology, obstetrics and
and analysis have shown that the frequency and intensity gynecology, the cardiovascular system, digestive system, and
of ultrasound imaging equipment are harmless to urinary system. 9
human health. Type A (amplitude modulation type) uses
amplitude to indicate the strength of the reflected signal, Color Doppler ultrasound imaging (color Doppler
displaying an “echogram.” M type (photoelectric scanning ultrasound) is an advanced imaging examination
type) uses the vertical direction to represent the spatial method that adds Doppler blood imaging technology to
position from shallow to deep and the horizontal direction B-ultrasound. Known as “non-invasive angiography,” it uses
to represent time, displaying a graph of photoelectric three frequency probes: high, medium, and low. During
movement over time. Both of these machine types are the examination, the probe is in contact with the skin of
one-dimensional displays with limited application ranges. the relevant part through an adhesive, and the scanning
Type B (intensity modulation type) is an ultrasonic section results form a two-dimensional cross-sectional sonogram
imager, commonly referred to as “B-ultrasound.” It uses on the monitor, which can be saved in the form of color
photoelectric signals of varying brightness to represent photographs. This method is used to examine the heart,
the strength of the received signal. As the probe moves great blood vessels, cerebral arteries, liver, spleen, kidneys,

Volume 7 Issue 3 (2024) 5 doi: 10.36922/itps.3360