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Journal of Chinese
Architecture and Urbanism Housing satisfaction with apartments in Henan

Figure 1. Conceptualization of housing satisfaction through literature review

satisfaction was divided into indoor and outdoor factors of the resident and their overall housing satisfaction.
based on spatial aspects, while content that did not easily In addition, t-test and one-way ANOVA analyses
fit within these spatial categories focused on management were conducted using SPSS to explore the
and economic factors. In addition, the questionnaire relationship between residents’ personal and housing
included questions related to overall housing satisfaction, characteristics and their housing satisfaction.
specifically pertaining to the participants’ apartment
housing. 3.3. Measurement tools for residents’ housing
satisfaction of apartments in Henan Province, China
The subjects of the survey consisted of residents residing
in private apartments that correspond to commodity 3.3.1. Measurement items for housing satisfaction
housing apartments in Henan Province, China. The Through the categorization of items for measuring housing
regional scope of the survey was limited to urban areas satisfaction based on spatial and content factors in previous
where a substantial number of apartments were supplied in studies, a total of 7 content factors and 41 measurement
Henan Province. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 situation items were extracted (Table 1). Previous studies employed
and the geographical distance of the researcher, the survey a five-point Likert scale for responses, allowing residents
was conducted online. The questionnaire was prepared by to express their degree of satisfaction, ranging from “very
the researcher and made available for online use through a dissatisfied” (1 point) to “very satisfied” (5 points).
Chinese online survey company (WENJUANXING). The
online survey was distributed through the company from 3.3.2. Reliability analysis of housing satisfaction
September 21, 2022, and continued for a total of 13 days, measurement scale
concluding on October 3, 2022. To ensure that only Following an analysis of the reliability of each housing
eligible participants took the survey, survey companies in satisfaction factor constructed through the literature
China distributed survey links or posters, ensuring that review, it was confirmed that the Cronbach’s α value
the questionnaire could only be accessed by individuals for each factor exceeded 0.897, demonstrating internal
meeting the pre-defined criteria (specifically, those residing consistency (Table 2).
in Henan urban areas and apartment residents). Upon a
thorough review of the collected data, it was found that out 4. Results
of 962 copies of the collected data, 368 were invalidated. 4.1. Socio-demographic characteristics of residents
Ultimately, 594 response sets were considered valid for the
purposes of this study. The main reason for the invalidation The results presented in Table 3 demonstrate that the number
of a significant number of responses was the exclusion of of female respondents (62.3%) was approximately 1.6 times
respondents living in apartments without elevators from higher than that of male respondents (37.7%). Regarding
the evaluation related to elevator items. the age distribution, 59.9% of the surveyed individuals are
under the age of 40, indicating a predominantly younger-
3.2. Analysis method middle-aged or younger population among the apartment
The analysis methods utilized in this study are as follows: residents. In terms of the employment status of residents, a
(i) Using Amos 26.0, a structural equation model substantial portion of them fall into the categories of white-
(SEM) analysis was conducted to verify the construct collar company employees, public corporations/public
factors of housing satisfaction, identify the factors officials, and company management positions, accounting
affecting overall housing satisfaction, and determine for 43.3% of the total. Regarding educational background,
their impact on housing behavior. This included the 68.7% of the respondents had attained a college degree or
verification of the path model involving these factors, higher, indicating a high level of educational background
overall housing satisfaction, and housing behavior among the residents.
through SEM analysis. Furthermore, the validity of When it comes to family size, 53.5% of the surveyed
the housing satisfaction measurement tool used by families consist of four or more members, while 28.1% have
residents in Henan Province, China, was evaluated. three members. Taken together, 81.7% of the families are
(ii) Technical statistics analysis was conducted using SPSS composed of couples with one to two children, which align
Statistics 22.0 to gain insights into the characteristics with the typical family composition. In terms of average

Volume 5 Issue 4 (2023) 4 https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.1079