Page 22 - JCTR-10-1

Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2024; 10(1): 18-24

Journal of Clinical and Translational Research

Journal homepage: http://www.jctres.com/en/home

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Association between hematological parameters, serum retinol, and

glycemic indices in diabetes mellitus: a preliminary case–control study

Cecilia Xavier Jyothi , Suchanda Sahu *, Debapriya Bandyopadhyay , Binod Kumar Patro , Gaurav Chhabra 5
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4
1
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1 Department of Biochemistry, Lalithambigai Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar,
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India, Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS,
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4
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article history: Background: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise. Hyperglycemia,
Received: November 10, 2022 free radical damage, and inflammation are commonly implicated as the etiopathological factors of
Accepted: December 19, 2023 diabetes mellitus. This preliminary study aims to investigate the association of the disease with serum
Published online: February 1, 2024 retinol and hematological parameters and compare these parameters with non-diabetic controls.
Methods: The biophysical profiles of 85 subjects with diabetes and the same number of healthy
Keywords: controls were recorded using standard techniques. Biochemical and hematological investigations were
Glycated hemoglobin carried out. The data are expressed as median with interquartile range (IQR) values. Mann–Whitney
Fasting blood glucose U-test was conducted to assess the difference between the two groups.
Hematocrit Results: There were a significant increase in median values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting
Plateletcrit blood glucose (FPG), and white blood cells (WBC) and a significant decrease in median values
Monocytes of monocytes in subjects with T2DM as compared to controls. There was a significant negative
correlation between eosinophils and FPG in subjects with T2DM. In healthy controls, there was a
*Corresponding author: significant positive correlation between serum retinol, certain hematological parameters, and HbA1c;
Suchanda Sahu and there was a significant negative correlation between WBC and FPG. The T2DM group had a
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, significant negative correlation between eosinophil count and FBG.
Bhubaneswar - 751 019, India. Conclusion: Our study shows that serum retinol levels are not reflective of oxidative stress, but a routine
Email: biochem_suchanda@aiimsbhubaneswar. WBC and differential count can shed light on the chronic inflammatory status. These results help with
edu.in the formulation of targeted treatment to delay progression of the disease and prevent its complications.
Relevance for Patients: Vitamin A plays a pivotal role safeguarding the immunity and eye health for
© 2024 Author(s). This is an Open-Access diabetic patients, but serum retinol estimation is not reflective of inflammatory or glycemic control
article distributed under the terms of the status in diabetic patients. They would benefit from a hematocrit test.
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial
License, permitting all non-commercial use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Introduction
The current global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is 8.5%, almost double
from 4.7% in 1980 [1]. In India, there has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of T2DM,
from 26 million (5.5%) in 1990 to 65 million (7.7%) in 2016 [2].
Insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, abnormal fat metabolism, and excessive
hepatic glucose production are the major contributors of hyperglycemia in subjects with
T2DM [3]. Hyperglycemia leads to increased production of superoxide radicals, resulting in
increased generation of free radicals and impairment in antioxidant defence mechanisms [4].
Oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia also further worsens insulin resistance [5]. The
increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a significant role in the onset, progression,
and pathogenesis of diabetic complications [6]. Further, the interaction between advanced

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36922/jctr.00194