Page 26 - JCTR-11-2

Journal of Clinical and
Translational Research US-mediated drug delivery

pressure varying between 0.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa. Parameters the Région Centre-Val de Loire for the funding of PhD
such as time, acoustic pressure, and frequency are tailored students (K.E.).
to each study. Pre-clinical protocols further differ across
research laboratories, often due to the use of lab-made US Conflict of interest
devices. The number of sonication session also varies, with The authors declare no conflict of interest.
some studies employing a single treatment while others
span 3 weeks with 2 sessions per week, for example. Despite Author contributions
these variations, all methods demonstrate success in BBB Conceptualization: Karen Ea, Patrick Vourc’h, Jean- Michel
opening, suggesting the need for standardized protocols. Escoffre
It would be beneficial to establish defined parameters Writing – original draft: Karen Ea, Patrick Vourc’h, Jean-
tailored to specific species (e.g., mice, rats, non-human Michel Escoffre
primates, and humans) and target areas (e.g., striatum, Writing – review & editing: Nicolas Taulier, Christiane
motor cortex, hippocampus). Contino-Pépin, Wladimir Urbach, Stéphane
Regarding NDs, only one pre-clinical study has Desgranges, Hélène Blasco, Yara Al-Ojaimi, Philippe
employed them for BBB opening in neurodegenerative Corcia
diseases. One reason for this limited use is the relative
62
novelty of NDs, which are still being optimized despite the Ethics approval and consent to participate
known advantages of ADV since 1998. In addition, no Not applicable.
44
NDs are clinically approved, making their use in clinical
settings impossible. The greater familiarity and clinical Consent for publication
approval of MBs make them a more accessible option. Not applicable.
Nonetheless, studies using NDs have validated BBB
opening in wild-type animals, such as with dextran in Availability of data
mice and Evan’s blue in rats. Chen et al. demonstrated Not applicable.
57
108
57
that NDs are more effective than MBs in delivering drugs.
While only one study has used NDs for neurodegenerative References
diseases (specifically AD ), other studies have focused on
62

cancer therapy. These include in vivo studies on ovarian 1. Maladies Neurologiques: Une Approche Intégrée. Available
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cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glaucoma, as from: https://www.elsevier.com/fr-fr/connect/les-maladies-
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These studies have shown significant tumor progression 2. Abbott NJ, Rönnbäck L, Hansson E. Astrocyte-endothelial
slowdown. interactions at the blood-brain barrier. Nat Rev Neurosci.
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10. Conclusion doi: 10.1038/nrn1824
MB/ND-assisted US offers a promising approach for 3. Abbott NJ, Patabendige AAK, Dolman DEM, Yusof SR,
improving the i.c. delivery of therapeutic molecules Begley DJ. Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier.
by enabling BBB opening in both animal models and Neurobiol Dis. 2010;37(1):13-25.
humans. While the studies reviewed here focus primarily doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.07.030
on neurodegenerative diseases, this approach could 4. Pardridge WM. The blood-brain barrier: Bottleneck in brain
also be applied to other conditions requiring barrier- drug development. NeuroRx. 2005;2(1):3-14.
crossing treatments. This approach holds great promise
for advancing patient care by providing less invasive doi: 10.1602/neurorx.2.1.3
alternatives in the future. 5. Hawkins BT, Davis TP. The blood-brain barrier/
neurovascular unit in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev.
Acknowledgments 2005;57(2):173-185.

None. doi: 10.1124/pr.57.2.4
6. Löscher W, Potschka H. Blood-brain barrier active efflux
Funding transporters: ATP-binding cassette gene family. NeuroRx.

We would like to thank the Agence Nationale de la 2005;2(1):86-98.
Recherche (ANR) for funding (ANR-22-CE19-0031) and doi: 10.1602/neurorx.2.1.86

Volume 11 Issue 2 (2025) 20 doi: 10.36922/jctr.24.00061