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Microbes & Immunity Sepsis and gut microbiome

could revolutionize the management of sepsis, thereby Epidemiology and costs of sepsis in the United States-an
offering a beacon of hope for enhanced outcomes among analysis based on timing of diagnosis and severity level. Crit
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Acknowledgments
5. Rhee C, Jones TM, Hamad Y, et al. Prevalence, underlying
None. causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated mortality in US
acute care hospitals. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187571.
Funding
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7571
This project was supported by the Heath and Medical 6. Arefian H, Heublein S, Scherag A, et al. Hospital-related cost
Research Fund (HMRF) (22210032); RGC-GRF Hong of sepsis: A systematic review. J Infect. 2017;74(2):107-117.
Kong (14101922); and CUHK Direct Grant for Research
(2024.010). doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.11.006
7. Zhu B, Wang X, Li L. Human gut microbiome: The second
Conflict of interest genome of human body. Protein Cell. 2010;1:718-725.

Huarong Chen is an Editorial Board Member of this doi: 10.1007/s13238-010-0093-z
journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial 8. Clemente JC, Ursell LK, Parfrey LW, Knight R. The impact
and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly of the gut microbiota on human health: An integrative view.
or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they Cell. 2012;148(6):1258-1270.
have no known competing financial interests or personal doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.035
relationships that could have influenced the work reported
in this paper. 9. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, et al. A human gut microbial gene
catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature.
Author contributions 2010;464(7285):59-65.

Conceptualization: Huarong Chen, Na Qin doi: 10.1038/nature08821
Writing – original draft: Na Qin 10. Gilbert JA, Quinn RA, Debelius J, et al. Microbiome-wide
Writing – review & editing: All authors association studies link dynamic microbial consortia to
disease. Nature. 2016;535(7610):94-103.
Ethics approval and consent to participate doi: 10.1038/nature18850

Not applicable. 11. Ramakrishna BS. Role of the gut microbiota in human
nutrition and metabolism. J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
Consent for publication 2013;28(S4):9-17.
Not applicable. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12294

Availability of data 12. Mittal R, Coopersmith CM. Redefining the gut as the motor
of critical illness. Trends Mol Med. 2014;20(4):214-223.
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