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Microbes & Immunity Probiotics & obesity

exhibited anti-obesity effects comparable to those of its probiotics administration. In addition, an HFD altered the
live counterpart. To assess the impact of NCHBL-004 on levels of Akkermansia and Odoribacter, but these levels
gut microbiota composition, the researchers performed returned to normal after FRT4 administration, without
a detailed analysis, revealing significant alterations at the a significant decrease in phosphatidylcholine levels. The
phylum, family, and genus levels. Oral administration of HFD-induced decrease in trimethylammonium cations
NCHBL-004 was found to significantly increase SCFA- was further reduced after probiotics treatment. These
producing and secondary bile acid (BA)-producing findings suggest that while L. plantarum administration
microbes. In contrast, the HFD led to a reduction in SCFA- can mitigate several HFD-induced effects, it does not
producing and secondary BA-producing strains, including fully reverse all physiological changes. This highlights the
Lactobacillus spp. Notably, NCHBL-004 supplementation need for further research to better understand the specific
effectively counteracted these HFD-induced effects. In mechanisms at play within the gut microbiota. 14
addition, NCHBL-004 regulated hepatic lipid metabolism
and exerted anti-obesity effects through the activation of 3.5. L. plantarum HMRS-6
glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 plays a critical role Zhu et al. investigated the effects of L. plantarum
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in enhancing insulin secretion for blood glucose control, HMRS-6 (150 μL/day) in a 15-week study involving
suppressing appetite, aiding in weight management, and 30 female ICR mice, divided into three groups: control,
serving as a promising therapeutic tool for obesity and HFD, and HFD + probiotic (administered from week 11 to
type 2 diabetes management. 11 week 13). The results showed that L. plantarum HMRS-6
significantly reduced body weight, shifted microbial
3.3. L. plantarum FRT10 diversity, lowered blood glucose levels, and improved
Cai et al. assessed the efficacy of L. plantarum FRT10 insulin resistance, with these parameters returning close
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in mice over an 8-week period. The study included to control levels by week 15. This study underscores
four groups: a control group, an HFD group with no L. plantarum HMRS-6 as a promising probiotic for
probiotic administration, an HFD group receiving low mitigating obesity-related effects. 15
doses of L. plantarum, and an HFD group receiving high
doses of L. plantarum. L. plantarum FRT10 alleviated 3.6. L. plantarum Dad-13
HFD-induced lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis. Rahayu et al. demonstrated that administering
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Furthermore, L. plantarum FRT10 reduced triglyceride L. plantarum Dad-13 (2 × 10 CFU/gram/sachet) led to
9
accumulation, which is directly linked to gene expression significantly decreased body weight (in females), BMI, and
affecting lipid metabolism. The L. plantarum FRT10 Bacteroidetes abundance, without significantly affecting
supplementation group showed improvements in gut SCFA levels, pH, lipid profiles, cholesterol, triglycerides,
dysbiosis, a reduction in organ weight (particularly due to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein
decreased visceral adipose tissue), increased mRNA levels (LDL), or the HDL/LDL ratio. The study also observed
of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a decrease in Firmicutes abundance, underscoring the
and decreased mRNA expression of sterol regulatory relevance of the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio in
element-binding proteins (SREBPs). 13 obesity-related treatments, as gut microbiota dysbiosis is
linked to obesity and its comorbidities. An increase in
3
3.4. L. plantarum FRT4 Firmicutes is associated with reduced microbial diversity,
9
Cai et al. investigated the effects of L. plantarum FRT4 a key factor in obesity risk. However, potential bias exists
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and showed that its administration led to decreases in body due to a significant reduction in energy intake in both
weight, weight gain, liver weight (visceral fat), triglyceride placebo and treatment groups during the final month,
levels, and ALT levels while improving gut barrier integrity, which was not accounted for in the statistical analysis. 9
attenuating inflammation, and increasing microbial
biodiversity in the gut. The study highlights the complex 3.7. L. plantarum pro1 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus
mechanisms within the gut microbiota. L. plantarum pro2
FRT4 significantly reversed the effects of an HFD on Darwish et al. evaluated the effects of L. plantarum pro1
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choline, glycerophosphocholine, and phosphorylcholine (MT505334.1) and L. rhamnosus pro2 (MT505335.1)
levels. The group receiving probiotics also exhibited individually and in combination on obesity-related kidney
beneficial changes, with increased levels of species such dysfunction in 50 mice. The study included five groups:
as Bacteroides, Alistipes, Intestinimonas, Butyricimonas, HFD-only group, a regular diet group, and three HFD
Butyricicoccus, and Lactobacillus, while HFD-induced groups supplemented with pro1, pro2, or their combination
levels of Roseburia and Blautia were suppressed following from weeks 0 to 8. The combination group showed the

Volume 2 Issue 2 (2025) 37 doi: 10.36922/mi.8358