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A

B

Figure 7. The generation of vascularized brain organoids using engineering strategies. (A) Formation of the vascular system in a microfluidic device.
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Copyright © 2018, Authors. (B) Three-dimensional (3D) printing vessel-induced human brain organoids. Copyright © 2024 The Authors.
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Abbreviation: CD31: Cluster of differentiation 31; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; ECM: Extracellular matrix; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic
protein; hCO: Human cortical organoid; hMO: Human medial ganglionic eminence organoid; HO: Hoechst 33258 dye; hSO: Human striatal organoid;
MN: Motor neuron; TPP: Two-photon polymerization.
necessitates specialized training, protocol adaptation, and scalability, affordability, and usability, thereby driving the
access to microfluidic equipment, presenting barriers for broader adoption of microfluidic platforms in vascularized
non-specialized laboratories. To enhance accessibility, BOs’ research. 153
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standardization and commercialization of ready-to-use In summary, microfluidic technology provides a versatile
microfluidic chips compatible with conventional multiwell and powerful platform for improving the vascularization
plates can streamline adoption by reducing reliance on and physiological relevance of BOs. By enabling continuous
custom fabrication. These measures, coupled with cost- perfusion, supporting co-culture systems, and recreating
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effective mass production techniques, collectively improve the BBB, microfluidic devices are indispensable tools

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2025) 16 doi: 10.36922/or.8162