Page 101 - AC-3-3

Arts & Communication Altar “Passion of Christ” in Lviv

study of the stylistic, compositional, and plastic features of plasticity of sacred plot bas-relief compositions with their
the altar of the Passion of Christ. emotional expression. Compositional analysis revealed the
The accumulation of information about the altar under multi-layered volumetric architectural structure of the art
study made it possible to determine the directions and piece and identified the principles behind its compositional
develop a concept for its further research. It was found that solution. The composition is an important factor of artistic
expression – it is the unity and integrity of the form of the
the little-studied authentic work of sacred art requires a work of art. The integrity of the composition of the work
thorough study of the history of its origin, the material of of art and the unity of its elements are manifested in their
manufacture, and the characteristic stylistic, architectural, harmony. The structure of the altar is made according
plastic, and compositional features.
to general artistic and compositional techniques. The
2.3. Method of art analysis architectonics of the studied work of art are holistic and
esthetically expressive. In the structure of the altar, the
Art historical analysis of the altar of the Passion of Christ sculptor managed to combine the sacred content of the
made it possible to determine the style of the work of art. monumental sculpture with the decor in two materials –
In the process of analyzing the work of art, the personal marble and alabaster.
style of the sculptor Jan Zaremba was revealed. The study
of the technological regularities of creating a work of art, The stylistic and compositional analysis enabled the
and the technique of execution allows us to comprehend study of the unique solutions of the bas-relief narrative
the level of skill, experience, principles of forming an scenes of the altar and established the architectural and
artistic language, and esthetic preferences of the sculptor artistic value of this sacred artistic work.
of a certain historical and cultural period. Through art 2.5. Method of proportional analysis
analysis methods, the artistic features of the altar and
its details were identified. Analyzing the plastic means The appearance of ancient works of art is determined
of the altar’s design suggests that its architectonics lean primarily by the shape and proportionality of their
toward the plasticity of traditional Renaissance stylistics elements, plasticity, and organic connection with the
with Mannerist motifs. Analyzing the plastic means of sacred environment.
solving the altar, the nature of the carving of the story When creating the composition of the altar, the
bas-reliefs, the decorative ornamentation of the columns, sculptor takes into account the dimensions, proportions,
and the cartouche with volutes, which compositionally scale, and integrity of its form. A great role is given to
diversify and enrich the architecture of the altar, we come proportions because they are the source and means of
to the conclusion that its architecture gravitates toward creating an artistic image of a work of art. The proportions
the plasticity of the traditional Renaissance style with of the golden section create an impression of harmony and
manneristic motifs. beauty, so sculptors used them in their sacred works.

During the research, the fact of restoration interventions Using proportional analysis, the altar’s proportional
and expedient removal of black paint applied during construction was determined, allowing the conclusion that
previous repair work was established. Minor remains the harmonious unity and integrity of the composition are
of gilding were also discovered, which could not be achieved through equilibrium, balance, and proportional
completely removed during restoration. The architecture of relationships among all elements. The composition fits
the studied altar was analyzed, and the historical, artistic, into a square, based on the golden ratio principle, where
and scientific value of the studied sacred work of art of the the general proportions and relationships of its parts are
Renaissance period was determined. commensurate. 10(pp.22-27)

2.4. Method of stylistic and compositional analysis 3. Main presentation of material
Based on stylistic analysis, the plot and iconographic Altars were not only important structural elements of the
features of the altar under study, as well as the affiliation of the interiors of churches, chapels, and oratories but also had
work of art to the Renaissance period, the place of creation, great religious significance. The monumental bas-relief
and authorship, were investigated. Stylistic analysis made altars of churches and cathedrals in Lviv are distinguished
it possible to identify the characteristic stylistic features by their original conception and ability to evoke profound
of the altar of the Passion of Christ and plastic stylistic esthetic experiences. Varied in form, size, construction
techniques, and light and shadow effects used by the materials, and their compositional, structural, and plastic
sculptor Jan Zaremba in the Middle Ages. The plasticity of solutions, altars served as key architectural and artistic
monumental works of art is significantly different from the accents in these sacred spaces. In terms of their plastic and

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 3 doi: 10.36922/ac.4738