Page 40 - AJWEP-22-5

Rajak, et al.

with catalyst modification, the quick loss of catalytic Author contributions
performance brought on by interactions with carbon
dioxide and water, and the leaching of CaO during Conceptualization: Amit Kumar Rajak
reactions. Formal analysis: Madiga Harikrishna, Shivani Dalal,
To satisfy industrial demands, the primary objective Uttam Kumar Sahoo
of this research is to call for an improvement in present Writing – original draft: Amit Kumar Rajak
methods for producing biodiesel and to develop novel Writing – review & editing: Amit Kumar Rajak,
ones. It is hard to make existing processes better and Mallampalli S.L. Karuna, Prakash Kumar
develop more effective alternatives, especially when Sarangi
it comes to reactor design, catalyst reusability, and
alternative feedstock usage. By addressing many of the Availability of data
challenges related to homogeneous catalysis, biomass-
derived heterogeneous catalysts provide a possible All the data analyzed have been presented in the paper.
solution. By using waste or biomass as a catalyst Data will be available upon request to the corresponding
source, waste materials may find new applications, and author.
the price of solid catalysts that are sold commercially
may be lowered. Catalysts’ qualitative involvement References
under dynamic response settings still needs to be better 1. Neupane D. Biofuels from renewable sources, a potential
understood, even if the majority of the work so far has option for biodiesel production. Bioengineering (Basel).
focused on their quantitative effects. More investigation 2023;10(1):29.
is needed to investigate catalyst behavior under these doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10010029
conditions. 2. Malik K, Capareda SC, Kamboj BR, et al. Biofuels
Governmental incentives that encourage the use of production: A review on sustainable alternatives
recycled materials and waste-derived catalysts, such to traditional fuels and energy sources. Fuels.
as tax breaks and laws, might boost the economy and 2024;5:157-175.
provide employment. Further study of biomass-derived doi: 10.3390/fuels5020010
catalysts is also required to improve their catalytic 3. Holechek JL, Geli HME, Sawalhah MN, Valdez R.
efficacy for the generation of biodiesel and other A global assessment: Can renewable energy replace
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4. Dai J, Alvarado R, Ali S, Ahmed Z, Meo MS. Transport
Acknowledgments infrastructure, economic growth, and transport CO
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emissions nexus: Does green energy consumption in
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the transport sector matter? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.
Dr. D. Srinivasa Reddy, Director of CSIR-IICT, for his 2023;30:40094-40106.
support (IICT/Pubs./2025/055) and for providing the doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-25100-3
necessary facilities. 5. Toldrá-Reig F, Mora L, Toldrá F. Developments in the
use of lipase transesterification for biodiesel production
Funding from animal fat waste. Appl Sci. 2020;10:5085.
doi: 10.3390/app10155085
None. 6. Brahma S, Nath B, Basumatary B, et al. Biodiesel
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Conflict of interest towards industrial biofuel production. Chem Eng J Adv.
2022;10:100284.
Prakash Kumar Sarangi is an Editorial Board Member doi: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100284
of this journal but was not in any way involved in the 7. Deep A, Sharma AL, Kumar P. Lipase immobilized
carbon nanotubes for conversion of Jatropha oil to fatty
editorial and peer-review process conducted for this acid methyl esters. Biomass Bioenergy. 2015;81:83-87.
paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.06.008
declared that they have no known competing financial 8. Al-Mashhadani HA, Mallawarachchi S, Wang H,
interests or personal relationships that could have Fernando S. A bio-based hydrolysis catalyst for the
influenced the work reported in this paper. transesterification of triglycerides. Bioresour Technol

Volume 22 Issue 5 (2025) 34 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025130095