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Yadav, et al.

equilibrium. Free CO also showed a strong positive Project administration: Saugat Rizal
2
correlation with Cl⁻ (r = 0.944, p=0.016), which may Resources: Shishir Tamang
indicate a common source, such as industrial pollution Software: Shishir Tamang
or waste discharge. A strong correlation between Cl⁻ Validation: Rabiraj Subedi
and NH (r = 0.945, p=0.015) suggests a shared source, Visualization: Rabiraj Subedi
3
potentially from human/animal waste or fertilizers. Writing – original draft: Shiv Narayan Yadav
Similarly, the strong positive correlation between PO ⁻ Writing – review & editing: Ajaya Bhattarai
3
4
and NO ⁻ (r = 0.970, p=0.006) suggests a common origin,
3
such as agricultural runoff or wastewater contamination. Availability of data
Regression analysis using a first-degree linear equation
further supported the correlations between many Data are available from the corresponding author upon
of the aforementioned water quality metrics. These reasonable request.
findings provide useful insights for decision-makers in
developing mitigation plans to monitor water quality in References
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Acknowledgments doi: 10.1007/s12665-015-5105-0
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Saptagandaki Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, doi: 10.1007/s10040-020-02261-4
Chitwan, Nepal, for providing essential chemical 4. Li P, Tian R, Xue C, Wu J. Progress, opportunities,
support for the experiments. We also extend our thanks and key fields for groundwater quality research under
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Science and Technology, Mahendra Morang Adarsh focus on Western China. Environ Sci Pollut Res.
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Author contributions 8. Harter T. Groundwater Quality and Groundwater
Pollution. California: University of California,
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Conceptualization: Shiv Narayan Yadav, Ajaya doi: 10.3733/ucanr.8084
Bhattarai 9. Qureshi SS, Channa A, Memon SA, et al. Assessment of
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Volume 22 Issue 6 (2025) 164 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025120083