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Advanced Neurology

REVIEW ARTICLE
Brief risk rating scale: A preliminary screening

and monitoring tool emphasizing individual
differences for better prognosis in Alzheimer’s

disease

1†
1†
Qiujie Shan , Ping-Hsuan Wei , Yun Xu 1,2,3 , and Feng Bai 1,2,3 *
1 Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School and the State Key
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing,
China
2 Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
3 Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China

Abstract

Over the last several decades, significant progress has been made in the diagnostic
criteria of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to identify its early stages, including subjective
cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. However, the previous research
rarely took account of individual differences when evaluating AD-spectrum patients
at different stages, thereby resulting in similar treatment, which was not only
ineffective but also resulted in the missed window of opportunity for intervention.
† These authors contributed equally In this review, we propose the Brief Risk Rating Scale (BRRS), which is predominantly
to this work.
based on extant literature concerning AD risk factors and brain alterations, with the
*Corresponding author: aim of providing a preliminary screening and monitoring tool that can facilitate
Feng Bai (baifeng515@126.com) the assessment of individual’s risk level, the prediction and tracking of disease
Citation: Shan Q, Wei PH, progression, as well as precise treatment in a timely manner. Meanwhile, due to
Xu Y, et al., 2022, Brief risk rating its simplicity and ease of use, it can be widely promoted and likewise accessible to
scale: A preliminary screening
and monitoring tool emphasizing clinicians in grassroots clinics. In general, the scale comprises two parts: The original
individual differences for better score (O) related to patients’ risk factors and the variation score (V) related to brain
prognosis in Alzheimer’s disease. abnormalities tested by different sequences of magnetic resonance imaging. In
Adv Neuro, 1(3): 208.
https://doi.org/10.36922/an.v1i3.208 addition, the advantages along with its clinical application, such as introducing
BRRS into cognitive training and brain stimulation, are also discussed. We conclude
Received: September 29, 2022
that BRRS positively contributes to enhancing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and
Accepted: November 3, 2022 the efficiency of personalized treatment in AD-spectrum patients, with individual
Published Online: November 23, 2022 differences fully considered and little additional burden added. However, the weight
coefficient of each item in BRRS should be thoroughly studied in future research.
Copyright: © 2022 Author(s).
This is an Open Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Guideline; Risk factor; Magnetic resonance imaging
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited. 1. Introduction
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly, is a chronic
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional and age-related neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive declines
affiliations. in cognitive and functional abilities. It has been proven that pathological changes and

Volume 1 Issue 3 (2022) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.v1i3.208