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Advances in Radiotherapy
& Nuclear Medicine AI and informed consent in radiation oncology

(iii) Ensure transparency in AI algorithms: As AI Writing–original draft: All authors
algorithms become more integrated into clinical Writing–review & editing: Sorun Shishak, Susovan
practice, ensuring transparency about their Banerjee, Abhishek Puri
development, validation, and potential biases is key
to maintaining patient trust. To mitigate concerns Ethics approval and consent to participate
regarding cybersecurity, data mining, and data theft, Not applicable.
robust encryption methods and secure data storage
solutions must be implemented to safeguard sensitive Consent for publication
patient information.
(iv) Ongoing consent: Rather than a 1-time consent Not applicable.
process, ongoing conversations about treatment plans, Availability of data
modifications, and AI’s evolving role in those plans
can ensure that the patient remains well informed Not applicable.
throughout their treatment journey.
References
Thus, future consent forms in radiation oncology may
include statements such as: 1. Hunter B, Hindocha S, Lee RW. The role of artificial
(i) I consent to AI-assisted radiation therapy with the intelligence in early cancer diagnosis. Cancers (Basel).
2022;14(6):1524.
understanding that it supports, but does not replace,
the clinical judgment of the treating team. doi: 10.3390/cancers14061524
(ii) I prefer not to receive AI-assisted radiation therapy 2. Lehman CD, Arao RF, Sprague BL, et al. National
and would like to discuss alternative approaches (if performance benchmarks for modern screening digital
applicable). mammography: Update from the Breast cancer surveillance
consortium. Radiology. 2017;283(1):49-58.
3. Conclusion
doi: 10.1148/radiol.2016161174
As AI continues to influence the landscape of oncology, 3. Luchini C., Pea A., Scarpa A. Artificial intelligence in
it is imperative that oncologists adapt traditional consent oncology: Current applications and future perspectives. Br
practices to align with the evolving technological realities. J Cancer. 2022;126(1):4-9.
Informed consent in the era of AI demands a shift toward
transparent, patient-centered communication that doi: 10.1038/s41416-021-01633-1
clearly conveys both the benefits and limitations of AI. 4. Taherdoost H, Ghofrani A. AI’s role in revolutionizing
In radiation oncology, where precision and technological personalized medicine by reshaping pharmacogenomics
integration are paramount, maintaining the patient’s and drug therapy. Intell Pharm. 2024;2(1):643-650.
autonomy and trust is vital to the ethical application of AI. doi: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.08.005
Moving forward, oncologists will need to navigate these
complexities, all the while preserving the core principle of 5. Schork NJ. Artificial intelligence and personalized medicine.
Cancer Treat Res. 2019;178(1):265-283.
patient-centered care.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-16391-4_11
Acknowledgments
6. Rakaee M, Tafavvoghi M, Ricciuti B, et al. Deep learning
We would like to thank the technical and nursing staff of model for predicting immunotherapy response in advanced
the Division of Radiation Oncology, Medanta The Medicity, non-small cell lung cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2024;11:
for their support and assistance to all our patients. 109-118.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.5356
Funding
7. Jin D, Guo D, Ge J, Ye X, Lu L. Towards automated organs
None. at risk and target volumes contouring: Defining precision
radiation therapy in the modern era. J Natl Cancer Cent.
Conflict of interest 2022;2(1):306-313.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. doi: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.09.003
Author contributions 8. Court LE, Aggarwal A, Jhingran A, et al. Artificial
intelligence-based radiotherapy contouring and planning
Conceptualization: Sorun Shishak, Susovan Banerjee, to improve global access to cancer care. JCO Glob Oncol.
Sameer Rastogi 2024;10:e2300376.

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 32 doi: 10.36922/ARNM025250030