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Brain & Heart                                                          RSA and breathing-specific heart rate



            ΔHR’, supporting the hypothesis that RSA serves as a   5.   Daly MDB. Interactions between respiration and circulation.
            mechanism to mitigate the mismatch between the flow   In:  Cherniak  NS,  Widdicombe  JG,  editors.  Handbook of
            regimes of air and blood, thereby improving ventilation-  Physiology, The Respiratory System. Vol. 2., Ch. 16. Control
            perfusion matching.                                   of Breathing Part 2. Bethesda (MD): Williams & Wilkins;
                                                                  1986. p. 529-594.
            Acknowledgments                                    6.   Taha BH, Simon PM, Dempsey JA, Skatrud JB, Iber  C.

            None.                                                 Respiratory sinus arrhythmia  in humans:  An obligatory
                                                                  role for vagal feedback from the lungs. J Appl Physiol (1985).
            Funding                                               1995;78:638-645.

            None.                                                 doi: 10.1152/jappl.1995.78.2.638
                                                               7.   Schäfer C, Rosenblum MG, Kurths J, Abel HH. Heartbeat
            Conflict of interest                                  synchronized with ventilation. Nature. 1998;392:239-240.

            The author declares no competing interests in this article.     doi: 10.1038/32567
            Author contributions                               8.   Farmer DGS, Dutschmann M, Paton JFR, Pickering AE,
                                                                  McAllen RM. Brainstem sources of cardiac vagal tone and
            This is a single-authored article.                    respiratory sinus arrhythmia. J Physiol. 2016;594:7249-7265.
            Ethics approval and consent to participate            doi: 10.1113/JP273164
                                                               9.   Grosso G, Vezzosi T, Briganti A, Di Franco C, Tognetti R,
            Each of the studies contributing data to the present analysis   Mortola JP. Breath-by-breath analysis of respiratory
            adhered to the standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki,   sinus arrhythmia in dogs.  Respir Physiol Neurobiol.
            and the procedures were approved by the local ethics   2021;294:103776.
            committee. In addition, the subjects were informed about      doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103776
            the measurements to be taken and the study protocols, and
            they provided written informed consent.            10.  Larsen PD, Tzeng YC, Sin PYW, Galletly DC. Respiratory
                                                                  sinus arrhythmia in conscious humans during spontaneous
            Consent for publication                               respiration. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2010;174:111-118.
            Consent was obtained from the participants to publish      doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.04.021
            their data.                                        11.  Tzeng YC, Sin PYW, Galletly DC. Human sinus arrhythmia:
                                                                  Inconsistencies of a teleological hypothesis.  Am J Physiol
            Availability of data                                  Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;296:H65-H70.
            Data used for the present analysis are available from the      doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00716.2008
            author.
                                                               12.  Sin PYW, Webber MR, Galletly DC,  et al. Interaction
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