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Brain & Heart Stroke risk in Nigerians with diabetes and hypertension

Identification Records identified at Imam Records identified at Imam

Halliru Hospital
Wali Hospital
(n = 416)
(n = 517)

Screening Records screened Records excluded due to
missing information
(n = 933)
(n = 415)

Records excluded due to
Eligibility Records assessed for inclusion/exclusion criteria
eligibility
(n = 518)
(n = 318)

Included Records included in the
study
(n = 200)

Figure 1. Flowchart of the study selection

and 19 (25.3%) males in this cohort. Most of the participants
in this cohort identified themselves as housewives
(74.7%), while only 10 (13.3%) and 9 (12.0%) participants
identified themselves as civil servants and business owners,
respectively. The top clinical presentations reported by
participants in this cohort were sudden onset of unilateral
body weakness (45 [60.0%]), followed by sudden onset of
sensory loss (21 [28%]), sudden loss of vision (5 [6.7%]),
and sudden loss of speech (4 [5.3%]). Majority of the
participants (43 [57.3%]) had blood pressure readings
categorized as Stage 1 HTN (SBP 140 – 159 mmHg and
DBP 90 – 99 mmHg), while about 24 (32.0%) had Stage 2
HTN (SBP ≥160 mmHg and DBP ≥100 mmHg). Majority Figure 2. Distribution of age of the patients by their gender
of the females in this cohort were within the age range of
61 – 70 years, whereas most of the male participants were 7 (10.4%) participants identified themselves as civil
in the age range of 71 – 80 years. This is shown in Figure 2 servants and business owners, respectively. Furthermore,
below. as in the hypertensive cohort, the top clinical presentations
reported by participants in this cohort were sudden onset
3.3. Diabetes cohort of unilateral body weakness (41 [61.2%]), followed by
As mentioned earlier, 933 patients were identified with sudden onset of sensory loss (17 [25.4%]), sudden loss of
outpatient visits at the two general hospitals, including vision (5 [7.4%]), and sudden loss of speech (4 [6.0%]).
200 patients with clinical features consistent with the Majority of the participants (37 [55.2%]) had their fasting
WHO definition of stroke from January 2015 through blood sugar (FBS) in the range of 12 – 18 mmol/dL. About
August 2020. Of the 200 patients, 67 (33.5%) had diabetes, 22 (32.8%) participants had an FBS ≥19 mmol/dL, while
constituting the diabetic cohort. Majority of the participants only 8 (11.9%) participants had an FBS of 5 – 11 mmol/dL.
in this cohort were in the age range of 61 – 70 years (26.9%), Similarly, majority of the females in this cohort were also
with 50 (74.6%) females and 17 (25.4%) males. As in the within age range of 61 – 70 years, whereas most of the male
hypertensive cohort, majority of the participants identified participants were in the age range of 71 – 80 years. This is
themselves as housewives (77.6%), only 8 (11.9%) and shown in Figure 3 below.

Volume 3 Issue 1 (2025) 4 doi: 10.36922/bh.5722