Page 241 - EJMO-9-1

Eurasian Journal of Medicine and
Oncology
Grains, legumes, and gastric cancer

adjustment for key confounding factors, especially Funding
smoking, which is closely linked to GC and could influence
the relationship between diet and cancer risk. By controlling The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific
for these factors, we provided more reliable estimates of Research at Hashemite University for funding this research
the link between grain and legume consumption and GC project. This article was supported by Qatar University
Student Grant QUST-2025-CHS-203. The findings
risk. The study also included newly diagnosed GC cases achieved herein are solely the responsibility of the author.
and cancer-free controls from major hospitals in Jordan,
enhancing the representation of our sample relative to the Conflict of interest
general population. The high response rate of over 95%
further strengthens the reliability of our data. Moreover, The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
focusing on the consumption of grains and legumes Author contributions
enabled us to explore how these specific foods may affect
GC risk, providing insights into how certain dietary factors Conceptualization: Reema Tayyem, Tareq Al-Jaberi
might help prevent or promote GC. Data curation: Sabika Allehdan, Tareq Al-Jaberi, Ahmad F.
Hushki, Yaser Rayyan
6. Conclusion Formal analysis: Reema Tayyem, Sabika Allehdan
Our study highlights the significant associations between Investigation: Reema Tayyem, Sabika Allehdan, Tareq
the consumption of various grains and legumes and the Al-Jaberi, Ahmad F. Hushki, Yaser Rayyan
risk of GC in the Jordanian population. We found that a Methodology: Reema Tayyem, Tareq Al-Jaberi
higher intake of refined grains, particularly white bread, Writing–original draft: Dania Alsayyad, Sarrah Daban,
was positively associated with an increased GC risk, while Manar Adawi, Reema Tayyem, Aya Hamdan, Rana
moderate rice consumption appeared to offer a protective Youssef
effect. In addition, legumes such as hummus and cooked Writing–review & editing: All authors
dried beans demonstrated a protective role against GC, Ethics approval and consent to participate
reinforcing the potential health benefits of these foods. In
contrast, the consumption of green peas was unexpectedly The study protocol was approved by the Institutional
linked to an increased GC risk, possibly due to their Review Board Ethics Committee of the King Hussein
inclusion in high-starch dishes. Cancer Center (IRB No. 15 KHCC 03, Amman, Jordan),
King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University
While further research is needed to explore the Hospital, and Al-Bashir Hospital. Written informed
underlying mechanisms and confirm these associations consent was obtained for all participants.
across diverse populations, our study provides valuable
insights into how specific food items may influence GC Consent for publication
risk. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating Written consent was obtained from the patients to publish
whole grains into national dietary guidelines as a cost- their data anonymously.
effective strategy for GC prevention. Public health
initiatives could promote a balanced, nutrient-rich diet Availability of data
and encourage replacing refined grains with whole grains
such as barley, wheat, and rice, which are rich in dietary The datasets are available from the corresponding author
fiber, antioxidants, and essential nutrients. Public health upon reasonable request.
campaigns should focus on educating the population about References
the health benefits of a Mediterranean-inspired dietary
pattern while considering local food preferences and 1. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, et al. Global Cancer Observatory:
availability. Furthermore, healthcare providers should be Cancer Today; 2024. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.
involved in counseling patients on the role of diet in cancer int/today [Last accessed 2024 Oct 30].
prevention, offering tailored advice based on individual 2. Lauwers G, Kumarasinghe P. Gastric Cancer: Pathology and
medical history. Molecular Pathogenesis. United States: UpToDate, Inc.; 2023.

Acknowledgments 3. American Cancer Society. What is Stomach Cancer?
Available
from:
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/
We would like to thank Dr Narmeen Al-Awwad for stomach-cancer/about/what-is-stomach-cancer.html# [Last
her support in the administrative work at Hashemite accessed 2024 Oct 30].
University. 4. National Institute of Cancer. What is Stomach Cancer?

Volume 9 Issue 1 (2025) 233 doi: 10.36922/ejmo.6606