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Eurasian Journal of
Medicine and Oncology Gut microbiome effects on obesity

susceptible to weight loss following a fiber-rich diet. diet. In contrast, individuals with a lower P/B ratio did not
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Other efforts were made to describe the role of P/B ratio show significant differences in body fat reduction. 217
in weight gain, indicating that individuals with a high
P/B ratio are more prone to weight regain than those 6. Conclusion
with a low P/B ratio. This effect becomes more crucial In summary, this review highlights the complex
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and important when combined with low dietary fiber relationship between GM strains and obesity. The evidence
consumption and altered glucose metabolism. A high shows an existing relationship between the composition
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P/B ratio has been associated with increased fermentation of GM and its role in regulating metabolism and overall
of dietary fibers, resulting in the production of SCFA, obesity. Interactions between GM and the host’s metabolic
which enhances energy metabolism and satiety. This processes reveal potential pathways for therapeutic
was demonstrated in a study showing that Prevotella is interventions aimed at treating and preventing the
highly efficient at metabolizing complex polysaccharides development of obesity. The relationship between GM and
found in dietary fibers, 263,264 which is beneficial in the BW is influenced by various factors, including physical
context of caloric restriction. These findings align with activity, diet, sleep, and medication, making it a complex
the previous research, where participants with a high area of study that requires further studies. Standardizing
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P/B ratio experienced greater weight loss on an HFD. experimental conditions is essential to reduce bias and
This demonstrates the significance role of dietary fiber ensure comparable results in GM studies. Given that
in enhancing the beneficial effects of GM, particularly numerous factors affect GM composition, it is crucial to
Prevotella, by promoting the synthesis of beneficial consider variables such as patient age, diet, origin, and
SCFAs. As a result, fiber intake could potentially lead to temporal fluctuations, including seasonal and circadian
an imbalance in microbial metabolic functions, which variations. For instance, to prevent circadian variations in
might explain the observed differences in individual the microbiota, fecal samples should ideally be collected
responses based on the P/B ratio. 265 from each patient at a consistent time of day (morning or
Furthermore, Kootte et al. showed that insulin evening). Similarly, because seasonal differences affect the
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resistance may reduce the effectiveness of SCFAs in microbial composition, investigations conducted in the
enhancing insulin sensitivity, which might worsen fat winter should be compared only to those conducted under
storage rather than promote fat oxidation. The metabolic similar seasonal conditions.
response appears to also depend on the baseline microbial Further research is needed to evaluate GM alterations
diversity of patients. Low microbial diversity that reflects after newly developed drug treatments or bariatric surgery,
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an imbalance or functionally compromised microbiota especially involving patients who experience weight
can justify this metabolic response. Patients with lower regain. These studies should take into account the host’s
microbial diversity are more likely to benefit from the environment, initial microbiota composition, and its role
good bacteria transplanted or introduced through FMT. in metabolic regulation. In addition, personalized medicine
Conversely, patients with greater microbial diversity tend should be considered as a solution for modulating GM, with
to have a more stable GM which may limit the integration the goal of designing tailored probiotics for each patient to
and beneficial effects of transplanted microbiota. prevent and treat obesity and its associated health effects.
Further investigations 214,267 support this notion, where
they found that higher Prevotella levels (P = 0.004) and Acknowledgments
lower Bacteroides levels (P = 0.03) are linked to obesity. None.
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Interestingly, although their functional similarities and
ability to predominate the GM independently, they Funding
rarely coexist in high relative abundance, suggesting a The authors would like to thank the Moroccan Ministry of
co-exclusionary relationship. 268 Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, as
Another study has highlighted that the P/B ratio before well as the OCP Foundation for funding this work through
treatment is a notable indicator associated with changes in the APRD Research Program. Dr. Siham El Moussaoui was
body fat resulting from unrestricted high-fiber diets. It has awarded a scholarship from Mohammed VI Polytechnic
been shown that obesity is linked to an increase in the P/B University of Benguerir during the preparation of this
ratio. However, it was demonstrated that individuals with literature review. The scholarship provided financial
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a higher P/B ratio responded more effectively to fiber- and support throughout the 3-year duration of the doctoral
whole grain-rich diets, exhibiting greater reductions in studies, enabling the execution of the content or
body fat compared to those consuming an average Danish interpretation of this review.

Volume 9 Issue 2 (2025) 29 doi: 10.36922/ejmo.8318