Page 35 - EJMO-9-2

Eurasian Journal of
Medicine and Oncology Gut microbiome effects on obesity

The abundance of Porphyromonadaceae, et al. demonstrated that L. gasseri SBT2055 contributes
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Christensenellaceae, and Rikenellaceae has been inversely to BW reduction in rats by promoting higher carbohydrate
correlated with host BMI. 194,195 A. muciniphila is linked oxidation, resulting in increased energy expenditure.
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to the reduction of BW, and its abundance has been Despite that, no noticeable difference in food intake was
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shown to decrease in obese mice. 196,197 Other experiments observed between both groups in this study. A similar
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conducted on mice and rats have demonstrated that pattern was observed with Lactobacillus brevis NJ42. 199
Lactobacillus species 198-202 and Bifidobacterium species 203-205 Other results showed that administering Lactobacillus
show a revers correlation with BW gain, affirming their fermentum and Lactobacillus ingluviei was related to
ability to improve metabolic parameters. Faecalibacterium noticeable increase in weight, while administering
prausnitzii acts similarly, contributing to reduced BW L. plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and L. gasseri
gain. 206,207 Furthermore, Bacteroides species are also was coupled with weight loss in both obese humans and
inversely correlated with BMI 208-210,212,213 and have been animals. 201-223
shown to help prevent metabolic disorders including
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diabetes and obesity. Notably, Bacteroides can be used 5.2. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
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as probiotics in treating metabolic disorders. In addition F. prausnitzii is a Gram-positive bacterium that belongs
to the beneficial effects of Bacteroides, the complex to Ruminococcaceae family and Firmicutes phylum. It
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interactions between different bacterial species in the GM is one of the highly widespread anerobic bacteria in the
play a crucial role in regulating weight and metabolism. gut, 202,226 constituting approximately 1 – 6% of the total
Among these interactions, Prevotella-to-Bacteroides (P/B) fecal microbiota. 224,227 A reduction of F. prausnitzii has
ratio has been particularly studied. Individuals with a high been related to chronic inflammation, a key manifestation
P/B ratio before any treatment have been shown to achieve of obesity. 228-230
greater weight loss on high-fiber diets compared to those
with a lower P/B ratio. 214-217 There have been conflicting outcomes regarding the
relationship between F. prausnitzii abundance and obesity.
A detailed examination of each bacterium will now For instance, a Chinese study reported a decrease in the
follow. abundance of F. prausnitzii, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia
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5.1. Lactobacillus species among pre-diabetic obese patients. In contrast, another
study on obese adults in China found a positive correlation
Lactobacillales are a phylogenetically diverse order of between fasting glucose levels and F. prausnitzii in men.
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lactic acid-producing organisms. Lactobacillus spp. is Similarly, an earlier study carried out in Southern India
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Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rods that are catalase- discovered reduced abundance of F. prausnitzii in non-
negative and facultatively anerobic, typically thriving in obese children compared to obese children. Meanwhile,
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environments with lower oxygen levels. Numerous studies numerous studies have reported opposing findings.
have highlighted the positive influence of Lactobacillus A 2017 Iranian study has shown a negative correlation
spp. in mitigating metabolic disorders, including obesity. 219 between F. prausnitzii and BMI. 207
Crovesy et al. provided a summary of the influence Hippe et al. have demonstrated that after weight loss,
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of Lactobacillus on BW among overweight individuals. patients suffering from T2D exhibited increased levels of
They reported a negative correlation between Lactobacillus F. prausnitzii. They also revealed that samples from lean
paracasei and obesity. In addition, they also noted individuals had a lower expression of F. prausnitzii genes
significant correlations between Limosilactobacillus reuteri compared to obese individuals and those with T2D. In
and Lactobacillus gasseri with obesity. Another study found addition, F. prausnitzii is being explored for its potential
that the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. was higher in the in treating obesity and its related comorbidities. Mice on
stool of obese patients and individuals with metabolic HFD treated with F. prausnitzii twice a week showed a
diseases, identifying this species as an obesity-associated notable decrease in adipocyte size and cell infiltration of
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taxon. 221 adipose tissue compared to the control group. Another
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Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread member of the study has identified F. prausnitzii as a species with lower
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genus Lactiplantibacillus. There are divergent perspectives prevalence in obesity and associated disorders, which
on the impact of L. plantarum on obesity and weight lead to its proposal as a next-generation probiotics for
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regulation. In this context, it has been observed that treating obesity and its related disorders.
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the administration of L. plantarum, either alone or in Butyrate, is a SCFA produced by bacterial fermentation
combination with inulin, may decrease food intake and of indigestible fibers in the colon. F. prausnitzii is
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prevent weight loss in diabetic rats. 202,222 Similarly, Shirouchi one of the bacteria that produce butyrate and bioactive

Volume 9 Issue 2 (2025) 27 doi: 10.36922/ejmo.8318