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Global Health Econ Sustain Neuroinclusive workplaces and biophilic design

fields such as biology, psychology, neuroscience, supports occupant comfort and well-being (Jha & Behera,
endocrinology, and architecture, all emphasizing the 2022). Soundscapes incorporating natural sounds such as
importance of reestablishing connections with nature flowing water or birdsong create a soothing and calming
and natural systems (Jha & Behera, 2022; Menezes environment while masking unwanted noise. Access to
et al., 2021; Robinson & Pallasmaa, 2015). Incorporating natural spaces, such as gardens or rooftop terraces, allows
natural elements into the design of built environments occupants to interact directly with nature. By incorporating
has been recognized as a means to also enhance mental these biophilic design elements, designers can create spaces
health and well-being (Barbiero & Berto, 2021; Mazuch, that evoke the positive qualities of nature, improving well-
2017; Söderlund & Newman, 2017) (Figure 1). As such, being, enhancing productivity, and fostering a stronger
biophilic office design emulates various aspects of the connection between occupants and their surroundings
natural world, including the presence of water, light, and (Söderlund & Newman, 2017).
plants, as well as the utilization of botanical forms and
curvilinear shapes that diverge from modernist trends The multifaceted nature of biophilic office design can
(Kellert, 2008; Kellert et al., 2011). have significant implications for the mental health and well-
being of neurodiverse populations (Van der Geest, 2020).
Biophilic design encompasses a range of elements that By adopting a neuroaffirming approach that emphasizes
aim to integrate natural features and processes into the built multisensory and multimodal environments, these spaces
environment (Table 1). These elements include natural light, can better cater to the diverse sensory needs and preferences
which is achieved through abundant windows, skylights,
and light wells, creating a connection with the outdoor Table 1. Elements of biophilic design
environment, enhancing visual comfort, and supporting
circadian rhythms (Kellert, 2008). Views of nature provide Biophilic design Description
access to natural elements such as vegetation, landscapes, elements
or water bodies, promoting relaxation, stress reduction, Natural light Abundant windows, skylights, and light wells
and cognitive restoration. Biomorphic forms and patterns, to bring in natural light, supporting circadian
rhythms and enhancing visual comfort.
such as organic shapes and fractal patterns, mimic elements
found in nature, evoking positive emotional responses and Views of nature Incorporating views of vegetation, landscapes,
or water bodies to provide access to natural
increasing visual interest (Kellert et al., 2011). Integrating elements, promoting relaxation, stress
living systems, particularly indoor plants, not only reduction, and cognitive restoration.
improves air quality but also enhances well-being and Biomimicry Using organic shapes and fractal patterns that
fosters a sense of connection with nature. Using natural mimic elements found in nature, evoking
materials, such as wood, stone, and natural fibers, in positive emotional responses and increasing
building construction and interior finishes, evokes warmth visual interest.
and authenticity, creating a welcoming and harmonious Living systems Integrating indoor plants and other living
environment. Water features, such as fountains or water organisms to improve air quality, enhance
well-being, and foster a sense of connection
walls, provide sensory stimuli and promote relaxation and with nature.
tranquility. Thermal and ventilation variability, mirroring Natural materials Using natural materials such as wood, stone,
natural conditions with varying temperature and airflow, and natural fibers in building construction
and interior finishes to create a welcoming
and harmonious environment.
Water features Incorporating water elements such as
fountains or water walls to provide sensory
stimuli, promote relaxation, and create a
tranquil atmosphere.
Thermal and Mirroring natural conditions with varying
ventilation variability temperature and airflow to support occupant
comfort and well-being.
Soundscapes Integrating natural sounds such as flowing
water or birdsong to create a soothing
and calming environment while masking
unwanted noise.
Access to natural Providing direct access to natural spaces
spaces such as gardens or rooftop terraces, allowing
occupants to interact with nature.
Figure 1. Working in open office space, Royal Bank Tower, Montreal, 2017.

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2023) 2 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0549