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Global Health Econ Sustain Neuroinclusive workplaces and biophilic design

positive correlation between the two variables (Gillis & spaces that were previously devoid of greenery increased
Gatersleben, 2015; Kellert & Calabrese, 2015; Ryan et al., productivity by 15%. This finding aligns with previous
2014; Ryan & Browning, 2020; Zhong et al., 2022). laboratory studies and contradicts modern “lean”
The mental health benefits have also been investigated. management techniques and contemporary economic
For instance, Park et al. (2020) aimed to evaluate the and political trends. The researchers suggested that
effectiveness of a sensory well-being hub designed to cater to incorporating natural elements in the workplace can create
the needs of diverse learners with developmental disabilities a more pleasant and comfortable working environment,
and distinct sensory profiles. The study took place at a public leading to more profitable office-based work (Langer,
high school in Chicago. The site was a freestanding structure 2021). Therefore, companies should consider integrating
equipped with a range of sensory features aim at supporting biophilic design elements, such as plants and natural
individuals with a wide range of atypical sensory processing, lighting, into their office spaces to improve employee well-
particularly those who are neurodiverse. The results being and productivity.
showed that the sensory well-being hub was utilized for 2.3. Neurodiverse tendency toward rumination
both scheduled and unscheduled visits. Among the various
elements within the hub, the most frequently visited ones In 2015, Stanford University conducted a study that
included a beanbag accompanied by a weighted blanket, a demonstrated the psychological benefits of nature for
sensory cocoon featuring tensile fabric and a media wall, and mental health. The study revealed that spending time in
a fidget wall incorporating multiple components. Students natural surroundings, such as walking in a park, can help
diagnosed with autism spectrum condition exhibited reduce rumination, which is associated with an increased
different patterns of sensory intervention usage compared risk of depression and other mental health disorders.
to those without such a diagnosis, despite having similar This finding emphasizes the importance of incorporating
sensory profiles. These findings have significant implications natural elements and green spaces into urban environments
for the design of other neuroinclusive environments in both to support mental well-being, especially for neurodiverse
educational and occupational settings. Therefore, physical individuals who may have a tendency toward rumination
and mental health benefits can be seen with the use of (Bratman et al., 2015). Therefore, including natural
biophilic design, including the following for consideration elements in the design of smart cities can provide a more
in industry and office environments. holistic and inclusive environment that supports the
mental health and well-being of all individuals.
2.1. Life expectancy
2.4. Absenteeism
According to a study conducted by the German Institute of
Global and Area Studies, there is a significant correlation According to a study by Lerner and Stopka in 2016,
between working in offices equipped with high-level various architectural elements, such as view quality,
filtration systems and increased life expectancy (Patterson, lighting quality, and window area, can significantly impact
2017). The study discovered that employees in Tishman’s employee absenteeism. When these factors were considered
China offices were estimated to gain an average of 6.3 days together, they accounted for up to 10% of the variation in
per year in life expectancy compared to their counterparts sick leave days taken. This highlights the crucial role of the
working in unfiltered workplaces. This study emphasizes incorporation of biophilic design principles in creating
the importance of integrating high-quality filtration office environments that support employee health and
systems in office environments to promote employee well-being. By incorporating natural elements such as
well-being and longevity. In addition, air quality in the daylight, outdoor views, and greenery, workplaces can not
workplace can impact cognitive performance, productivity, only promote physical health but also enhance employee
and overall job satisfaction (Fisk et al., 2011). Therefore, satisfaction and productivity, ultimately reducing
investing in air filtration systems can not only benefit absenteeism rates. Therefore, integrating biophilic design
the health of employees but also contribute to a more principles in office spaces can lead to a more productive
productive and satisfied workforce. It is recommended and sustainable work environment.
that office managers prioritize air quality when designing
work environments and invest in high-quality air filtration 2.5. Eye fatigue
systems to ensure employee health and well-being. Extended use of digital screens can cause visual fatigue,
a condition that can be alleviated by regular exposure to
2.2. Productivity visual green spaces, as suggested by a study conducted
According to a study conducted by Cardiff University by Zari (2017). Therefore, incorporating biophilic design
in Wales in 2014, the incorporation of plants into office elements such as plants and natural light into office

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2023) 6 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0549