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Global Health Econ Sustain Neuroinclusive workplaces and biophilic design

create landscape designs that resemble the climate of is an imbalance between serotonin and melatonin, our
the surrounding landscape, can be effective strategies sleep-wake patterns are disrupted, subsequently inhibiting
for designing a resilient, biophilic experience (Ryan the proper functioning of our neurological and immune
& Browning, 2020). The use of natural materials, such systems (Parsaee et al., 2019).
as wood, stone, and exposed brick, can create a tactile Lighting design can also incorporate an element of
connection with nature. Wood, in particular, has been fire through UV lighting and heat therapy. Light exposure
shown to improve air quality by moderating humidity and holds significant implications for the production of
creating a link to nature that elicits feelings of warmth, serotonin, often referred to as the “happy hormone”.
comfort, and relaxation (Alapieti et al., 2020). However, Serotonergic neurons play a crucial role in regulating
the use of smooth and easily washable surfaces instead brain development and function, and disruption in these
of porous surfaces that can retain microbes is necessary neurons has been linked to various psychiatric disorders,
and has come under increased consideration during the including depression and anxiety. Thus, proper lighting
COVID-19 pandemic (Seidi et al., 2021). design can have a significant impact on mood, sleep, and
In addition to materials, aesthetic details such as texture, overall health (Bhardwaj, 2021).
color, sequencing, compartmentalization, temperature, and
smells can also contribute to over- or under-stimulation. 5.5. Soundscapes
Textures that mimic bark, scales, or other natural patterns Soundscapes play a significant role in biophilic design,
can serve a fidget function on furniture. For instance, using as they have the potential to impact our physical and
a sequin pillow trend or soft fur-like materials can enhance emotional well-being. The use of nature and calming
the tactile experience of space (Badgett, 2020). Natural sounds can counteract hormones released by the body when
patterns, such as the iridescence of a hummingbird or the under stress or pain, such as endorphins. Ambient nature
patterning of a bee’s honeycomb, can also be used to evoke sound installations can improve three core neuroinclusive
a connection with nature. Overall, natural design elements design goals: focus, stimulation, and relaxation (Chanda
and materials can significantly enhance the biophilic & Levitin, 2013). This is particularly important for those
experience, creating a sense of place and tactile connection who are neurodivergent and either hypersensitive to sound
with the natural world. or seeking opportunities for multiple sound activations
(Harder, 2022). The sounds of nature, such as rivers
5.4. Natural lighting and rain, are popular choices for creating a calming and
Lighting design is an essential element of biophilic design, relaxing environment (Chu et al., 2009).
and it involves more than just providing illumination. In modern workplaces, noise pollution is a common
Overhead fluorescent lighting can be overwhelming, and issue, which can lead to sensory sensitivity and distraction.
designers need to consider the quality and color of light To combat this, spaces can be designed effectively to
waves to create a comfortable and stimulating environment. absorb sound through partition systems or with acoustic
Natural light is an excellent lighting source and is especially baffling to create the illusion of private space. Research
beneficial for learning environments. High-placed windows shows that exposure to nature sounds, compared to urban
allow natural light to penetrate the space while limiting or office noise, accelerates physiological and psychological
distractions caused by views. Natural light exposure plays a restoration up to 37% faster after a psychological stressor,
crucial role in maintaining the optimal balance of serotonin, reduces cognitive fatigue and increases motivation
a hormone associated with mood regulation, while also (Erfanian et al., 2019; Ulrich et al., 1991). Another
suppressing the production of melatonin, a hormone interesting aspect of soundscapes is the use of bird noises
involved in sleep regulation (Marchi, 2013). as directional markers. By incorporating directional sound
Light therapy is also an essential aspect of biophilic cues, people can navigate spaces more easily and intuitively,
design. It involves exposing the retina to specific light creating a more natural and intuitive wayfinding experience
wavelengths to address imbalances in the circadian (Jonsson, 2002). These considerations demonstrate
rhythm, which denotes the daily hormonal cycle activity that soundscapes are an important element in biophilic
observed in many living organisms. This balance is partially design as they can help create a calming and restorative
influenced by the changing color of daylight throughout environment that promotes well-being and productivity.
the day, with morning light appearing yellow, shifting to a
bluer color at midday and transitioning to a reddish tone in 5.6. Digital and bioart
the late afternoon. Exposure to natural light helps maintain Digital and bio art can be used to bring biophilic design
the equilibrium of serotonin and melatonin. When there into the digital realm, further enhancing the experience of

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2023) 11 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0549