Page 183 - GHES-3-1

Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
Analyzing MHTW tourism for sustainable development

co-occurrence relationship. The colors of the lines indicate Figure 5 elucidates the co-occurrence relationship of
the period when the keyword co-occurrence relationship keywords in medical tourism, health, rehabilitation, and
transpired: the closer the line color is to red, the earlier the sustainable development research in recent years. Scholars
co-occurrence relationship appeared; the closer the line in these fields are attending increasingly to sustainable
color is to purple, the later the co-occurrence relationship development and impact assessment, and research in this
emerged. domain is advancing steadily as new themes and directions
emerge.
Figure 5 shows that “sustainable development” and “health”
were core themes that were closely related to multiple other 4.6. Keyword cluster map analysis
keywords. This finding reflects the concerns of researchers Keyword cluster analyses are performed to classify keywords
about the sustainable development of medical tourism appearing in the relevant literature by forming distinct topic-
and health industries and exhibits their scholarly interest related constellations to reveal the trending topics and research
in managing and evaluating their impact. The keywords directions in a research field. Keyword clustering analysis
“tourism,” “management,” and “impact” were also benefits bibliometric investigations by identifying blank areas
important themes that evinced significant co-occurrence of existing research, facilitating the discovery of new directions
relationships with “sustainable development” and “health.” for future research, and potentially driving collaborative
This outcome reveals the present research focus on how to research across disciplines (Luo et al., 2022). Table 6 shows
better manage the medical tourism and health industries the clustering of keywords in medical treatment, health,
and evaluate their impact. In addition, emerging nodes recuperative and health-related tourism, and sustainable
such as “model,” “satisfaction,” and “benefits” divulge development research. It displays the serial number, name,
the increasing associations of these keywords with other and corresponding keywords of each cluster. These clusters
keywords. Thus, researchers are currently exploring how present the different themes and foci of the research domain
the impact of medical tourism and the health industry can and indicate how these topics relate at the keyword level.
be explored through models and how they can evaluate the Cluster 0 comprises keywords such as “sustainable
benefits of the intersections of these sectors. development” and “ecosystem services.” It highlights

Table 6. Keyword cluster analysis for Medical, health, therapy, and wellness tourism and sustainable development: Web of Science
data perspective (2014 – 2024)
Cluster ID: Name Years Top terms (LSI)
0: Ecosystem services 2019 sustainable development; crime reduction; community safety; secure tourism destination; community
development; ecosystem services; marine protected areas; invasive alien species; capital assets;
ecosystem-based fishery management
1: Mental health 2019 sustainable development; hotel industry; emotional well-being; customer behavior;
importance-performance analysis; mental health; memorable experience; community well-being; causal
analysis; multiphase leisure
2: Perceived vaccine efficacy 2019 life cycle; real estate market; urban farming; urban greening; plant factory; sustainable development; EU
countries; EU labor market; market inequalities; health risk
3: Sustainable urban development 2019 sustainable urban development; adaptive reuse; urban transformation; regional growth; cultural heritage;
design; fear; crime prevention; urban parks; health
4: Health crisis 2020 sustainable development; bibliometric analysis; science mapping; scientometric analysis; mountain
tourism; rural tourism; crisis management; environment protection; IAD framework; green development
5: Spa 2020 tourism; health; survey; Andalusia; business models; health resorts; business model; spa tourism;
responsible consumption; health-related service
6: Medical tourism 2017 medical tourism; sustainable tourism; health resort; tourist behavior; sunshine coast; health tourism;
travel experience; tourist perception; wellness tourism; sunshine coast
7: Sustainable tourism 2019 sustainable tourism; medical tourism; hotel managers; sunshine coast; tourism industry; carrying
capacity; visitor management; public health; sustainable development; risk society
8: Psychological well-being 2020 psychological well-being; perma model; explanatory style; tourism practitioners; peak experiences peak
experiences; behavioral intentions; astronomical tourism; stargazing tourism; sustainable competitive
advantage
9: Composite index 2017 beach quality; beach management; composite index; Emilia-Romagna

Volume 3 Issue 1 (2025) 175 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.4149