Page 25 - GHES-3-1

Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
Peace and quality health is entrepreneurship

study is to review the literature on the connection between others on promoting healthy and peaceful coexistence for
sports-accidental infections and global peace, quality economic stability.
health, and entrepreneurship – focusing on microbiology The study population primarily comprised footballers,
and sports lessons. their teams, and the matches they participated in. The
The specific objectives of this study are: behavior of referees was analyzed, particularly actions
(i) To identify the most common forms of sports- that promoted peace, such as making fair decisions,
accidental infections. accepting legitimate goals, rejecting offside calls, and
(ii) To determine the effects of sports-accidental infections issuing appropriate cards. Conversely, biased decisions
on global peace, quality health, and entrepreneurship. that led to player dissent, such as accepting offside goals
(iii) To demonstrate the diagnostic roles of medical or showing undeserved cards, were also considered. In
laboratories in preventing sports-accidental infections addition, articles on other sporting activities, such as
to promote global peace, quality health, and boxing, volleyball, and basketball, were reviewed. Articles
entrepreneurship. on infectious diseases, especially those diagnosed in
medical laboratories using microbiological investigations,
2. Methods were also reviewed.
In this study, three main methods were used: observations, Multiple techniques were used to search for literature
the authors’ life experiences, and comprehensive literature (Figure 1). Observations of football matches, especially
reviews (Figure 1). In addition, some informal comparisons those played in stadiums during FIFA World Cups,
were conducted between real-life situations and sporting provided additional experiential data. These observations
activities, such as football. These comparisons were not helped identify knowledge gaps and questions that require
based on statistical calculations to establish associations further investigation. To address these gaps, a combination
but rather aimed to draw qualitative parallels. For instance, of personal experiences, observations, and comprehensive
the unifying effect of scoring a goal among team members literature reviews was conducted.
and supporters is evident, as seen in the FIFA World Cup Using keywords such as “microbiology,” “sports
(Historyofsoccer.info., 2023). This phenomenon promotes infections,” “quality health,” “peace,” “entrepreneurship,”
unity and does not require statistical validation.
“football,” “highest paid job,” “highest paid footballer,”
The primary online databases utilized for retrieving and “World Cup dominant winners,” publications were
literature included PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of retrieved from the database, excluding unrelated literature.
Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Professional blogs, Although the current study is primarily a comprehensive
journal articles, and news websites related to the research literature review, some aspects of systematic review were
topic were also used. Personal observations of football applied. The PRISMA checklist (Sohrabi et al., 2021) was
matches, particularly FIFA World Cups, provided used as a guide for including and excluding literature.
additional insights. Unhealthy experiences and articles Articles published before 2010 were excluded based on
containing information that could cause societal problems publication year (Figure 1). For example, searches such as
were excluded, except where they could be used to advise “highest paid football players of the world, 2022” helped

Figure 1. Flowchart of the review process. Source: Adapted from Ben Pulle’s Peace Designs, created using Microsoft PowerPoint

Volume 3 Issue 1 (2025) 17 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.2904