Page 137 - GHES-3-2

Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
The impact of PTSD on memory and cognition

Table 1. Group A (control) participants Table 3. Group C (earthquake survivors) participants
Participant ID PTSD I PTSD II Participant ID PTSD I PTSD II
(pre‑intervention) (post‑intervention) (pre‑intervention) (post‑intervention)
1 5 5 1 20 16
2 6 6 2 22 20
3 3 3 3 22 12
4 2 2 4 17 15
5 1 0 5 15 10
6 5 5 6 20 19
7 7 7 7 7 8
8 4 4 8 24 18
9 8 8 9 18 2
10 6 6 10 14 3
11 9 9 11 10 3
12 5 5 12 7 4
13 7 7 13 14 8
14 8 8 14 16 19
15 2 2 15 18 2
Total 78 71 Total 244 159
Notes: Score indicates PTSD symptom severity. The score ranges from Notes: Score indicates PTSD symptom severity. The score ranges from
0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.
Abbreviation: PTSD: Posttraumatic stress disorder. Abbreviation: PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder.

Table 2. Group B (earthquake survivors) participants Table 4. Rivermead behavioral memory test in group A (control)
Participant ID PTSD I PTSD II Participant ID Memory I Memory II
(pre‑intervention) (post‑intervention) (pre‑intervention) (post‑intervention)
1 22 18 1 67 73
2 22 14 2 43 96
3 13 12 3 30 32
4 19 19 4 12 25
5 21 15 5 76 78
6 15 14 6 50 82
7 11 2 7 82 81
8 20 18 8 85 90
9 24 4 9 52 62
10 16 19 10 41 54
11 9 4 11 92 95
12 5 6 12 45 60
13 10 7 13 39 50
14 20 11 14 56 80
15 13 1 15 81 92
Total 240 164 Total 851 1050
Notes: Score indicates PTSD symptom severity. The score ranges from Notes: Score indicates memory performance. The score ranges from 0
0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. to 100, with higher scores indicating better memory performance.
Abbreviation: PTSD: Posttraumatic stress disorder. Abbreviation: PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder.

The results suggest that all three groups performed applied. Figure 1 shows the percentage changes between
better in the memory test after the writing manual was the results obtained by the three groups on the rivermead

Volume 3 Issue 2 (2025) 129 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.5121