Page 138 - GHES-3-2

Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
The impact of PTSD on memory and cognition

Table 5. Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test on group B
(earthquake survivors)
Participant ID Memory I Memory II
(pre‑intervention) (post‑intervention)
1 15 20
2 64 80
3 45 42
4 18 27
5 21 43
6 38 56
7 52 67 Figure 1. Percentage changes in rivermead behavioral memory test
8 33 78 results in different groups.
Note: Group A is control, groups B and C are earthquake survivors.
9 21 45
10 31 59
11 42 63
12 18 45
13 10 32
14 26 58
15 32 49
Total 472 746
Notes: Score indicates memory performance. The score ranges from 0
to 100, with higher scores indicating better memory performance.
Abbreviation: PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder.

Table 6. Rivermead behavioral memory test in group C
(earthquake survivors)
Figure 2. Percentage change between memory I and memory II in
Participant ID Memory I Memory II different groups.
(pre‑intervention) (post‑intervention) Note: Group A is control, groups B and C are earthquake survivors.
1 80 83
2 22 48 behavioral memory test administered before and after
3 42 31 the application of the writing manual: group A increased
4 17 40 its score by 13.27%, and the tallies for groups B and C
5 22 64 augmented by 19.47% and 13.27%, respectively (Figure 2).
6 46 67 It is also evident that the results obtained by groups B
7 31 64 and C evinced greater improvement than the scores
8 47 59 attained by control group A.
9 54 58 3.1. Correlations between the PTSD test and the
10 12 47 writing for recovery manual
11 19 93 The test scores of all three groups of adolescents evinced
12 7 42 lower PTSD symptoms after the application of the Writing
13 34 31 for Recovery Manual (Figures 3 and 4). The results obtained
14 31 65 by group A on the first and second PTSD tests varied
15 70 45 minutely; however, the scores computed for groups B and
Total 453 837 C evidenced substantive improvement. Group A’s results
changed only by 1.9%; conversely, the symptoms reported
Notes: Score indicates memory performance. The score ranges from 0
to 100, with higher scores indicating better memory performance. by groups B and C diminished by 21.16% and 23.61%,
Abbreviation: PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder. respectively.

Volume 3 Issue 2 (2025) 130 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.5121