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Gene & Protein in Disease

REVIEW ARTICLE
Cyanine-induced apoptosis for cancer therapy

2
Kunli Cui 1,2† , Chenguang Miao , Dong Feng , Jiaheng Dong , Yaqi Zhou ,
2
2†
2
2
3,4
Xinying Ji *, and Lei Zhang *
1 National Regional Medical Center Construction Work Office, Shangqiu City Hospital of TCM,
Shangqiu, China
2 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
3 Department of Medicine, Huaxian County People’s Hospital, Huaxian Henan Province, China
4 Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Gong-Ming Rd,
Mazhai Town, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

Abstract

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death characterized by cell rounding, chromatin
condensation and clumping, cytoplasmic collapse, and the formation of apoptotic
bodies. Recently, increasing scientific research has disclosed the close relationship
between apoptosis and cyanine. Cyanine, due to its excellent fluorescent
characteristics, is used in constructing vital fluorescent cores for fluorescent probes.
It has been extensively utilized in targeted labeling for growing cells and tumor
phototherapy. Cyanine-derived compounds have provided new approaches for
treating different cancers by inducing tumor cell apoptosis. This review introduces
† These authors contributed equally the molecular mechanism of apoptosis, essential apoptosis-related proteins, and the
to this work. pathways related to tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, it systematically discusses the
*Corresponding authors: function of cyanine in cancer therapy by inducing apoptosis. A deeper understanding
Xinying Ji of cyanine-induced apoptosis may offer new options for cancer treatment and new
(10190096@vip.henu.edu.cn)
Lei Zhang strategies for developing and utilizing cyanine.
(zhlei@henu.edu.cn)
Citation: Cui K, Miao C, Keywords: Cancer; Apoptosis; Cyanine; Cytochrome C; Caspase3
Feng D, et al., 2023, Cyanine-
induced apoptosis for cancer
therapy. Gene Protein Dis,
2(4): 2486.
https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.2486 1. Introduction
Received: December 20, 2023 As the human social economy grows and the standard of living improves, malignant
Accepted: February 27, 2024
Published Online: March 22, 2024 tumors have become one of the three primary illnesses endangering human daily life and
well-being [1,2] . They are a major cause of global death , with morbidity and mortality rates
[3]
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article increasing in recent years. Traditional cancer therapies include exercise, radiotherapy,
distributed under the terms of the chemotherapeutics, combined radiation and chemotherapy, and immunization
Creative Commons Attribution therapy. However, their therapeutic effect, targets, and degree of radical cure remain
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, limited. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop more sophisticated treatment
provided the original work is modalities and anticancer drugs.
properly cited. Achieving tumor cell death is the ultimate goal of anti-tumor remedy, and the
[4]
Publisher’s Note: AccScience induction of tumor cell apoptosis is an effective strategy for combating cancer .Cell
Publishing remains neutral with death plays a significant role in both growth and aging processes, as deviations in cell
regard to jurisdictional claims in [5-7]
published maps and institutional mortality rates, whether excessively high or low, can precipitate a range of diseases .
affiliations. Apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and pyroptosis are the

Volume 2 Issue 4 (2023) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.2486