Page 21 - GPD-4-2

Gene & Protein in Disease

REVIEW ARTICLE
Current insights and advances in long noncoding

RNA dysregulation in diabetes and its complications

2†
3†
Ali Afzal 1† , Huma Rasheed , Shaaf Ahmad , Sadia Ahmad 1,4† ,
5
4
2
2†
Faiqa Irshad , Mehreen Iftikhar , Muhammad Imran , Zaman Gul ,
7,8
Umair Ali Khan Saddozai 6 , Xinying Ji *, and Muhammad Babar Khawar *
2,6
1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore,
Punjab, Pakistan
2 Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan
3 King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
4 Institute of Zoology, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
5 Center of Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
6 Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
7 Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan,
China
8 Department of Medicine, Huaxian County People’s Hospital, Huaxian, Henan, China

† These authors contributed equally Abstract
to this work.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal regulators in the pathophysiology of
*Corresponding authors:
Muhammad Babar Khawar diabetes mellitus and its complications, including diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy,
(babarkhawar@yahoo.com) and cardiomyopathy. They influence essential cellular processes such as angiogenesis,
Xinying Ji vascular smooth muscle cell behavior, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling,
(10190096@vip.henu.edu.cn) and apoptosis. In cardiomyopathy, lncRNA H19 promotes cardiomyocyte survival by
Citation: Afzal A, Rasheed H, regulating autophagy, highlighting its role in cardiovascular outcomes. In addition,
Ahmad S, et al. Current insights lncRNAs hold promise as noninvasive biomarkers, detectable in extracellular fluids
and advances in long noncoding such as serum and urine, providing novel diagnostic tools. For example, elevated levels
RNA dysregulation in diabetes and
its complications. Gene Protein Dis. of HOX transcript antisense RNA and promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage-
2025;4(2):4000. activated RNA correlate with hyperglycemia and its complications, whereas maternally
doi: 10.36922/gpd.4000 expressed gene 3 and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 are
Received: June 20, 2024 linked to insulin resistance. However, the full scope of lncRNA mechanisms and
Revised: September 12, 2024 therapeutic potential remains unclear. Recent research emphasizes the importance
Accepted: September 23, 2024 of studying the molecular pathways influenced by lncRNAs, such as the Janus kinase/
Published online: December 10,
2024 signal transducer and activator of transcription and p38 mitogen-activated protein
kinase pathways, which regulate inflammation and insulin signaling. Preclinical
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s). studies show promising outcomes for lncRNA-targeted therapies; however, challenges
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the remain in precise detection and delivery. Addressing these gaps through advanced
Creative Commons Attribution RNA sequencing and targeted therapies is crucial for developing lncRNA-based
License, permitting distribution, diagnostics and treatments for diabetes complications. This review explores lncRNAs
and reproduction in any medium, as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, focusing on their regulatory mechanisms in
provided the original work is
properly cited. diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Long noncoding RNA; Biomarkers; Transcriptional control;
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional Insulin resistance; Vascular problems
affiliations.

Volume 4 Issue 2 (2025) 1 doi: 10.36922/gpd.4000