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Gene & Protein in Disease Cullin family members as biomarkers in KIRC

enrichment analysis for differentially expressed cullin Consent for publication
genes and their coexpressed counterparts was conducted
using the Metascape platform. Furthermore, the PPI Not applicable.
network was constructed and analyzed by MCODE. Availability of data
CUL1, CUL2, and CUL3 were found to be predominantly
involved in a variety of biological processes, particularly Data are available from the corresponding author upon
those related to proteasome-mediated, ubiquitin- reasonable request.
dependent proteolytic metabolism. Finally, leveraging References
the TIMER database, we systematically explored the
relationship between cullin gene expression and immune 1. Quinn AE, Bell SD, Marrah AJ, Wakefield MR, Fang Y. The
cell infiltration within the TME. We found that the current state of the diagnoses and treatments for clear cell
expression levels correlated significantly and positively renal cell carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16(23):4034.
with the infiltration of diverse immune cell populations. doi: 10.3390/cancers16234034
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that cullin family 2. Rinaldi L, Senatore E, Feliciello S, Chiuso F, Insabato L,
members may serve not only as potential diagnostic and Feliciello A. Kidney cancer: From tumor biology to
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targets for the development of immunotherapeutic 2024;1880(1):189240.
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new direction for future research into the pathogenesis doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189240
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This work was supported by grants from the Henan cell cancer. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e100557.
Province Science and Technology Research Projects (Grant doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100557
no.: 232102310208), Kaifeng City Science and Technology 5. Chen G, Li G. Increased Cul1 expression promotes
Research Projects (Grant no.: 2303009 and 2303011), and melanoma cell proliferation through regulating p27
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Shaoping Ji is an Associate Editor of this journal, but was 2011;15(2):350-358.
not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review
process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00971.x
Separately, other authors declared that they have no known 7. Paul S. Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system
competing financial interests or personal relationships that in multiple disease conditions: Therapeutic approaches.
could have influenced the work reported in this paper. Bioessays. 2008;30(11-12):1172-1184.
doi: 10.1002/bies.20852
Author contributions
8. Kiyozumi D, Ikawa M. Proteolysis in reproduction: Lessons
Conceptualization: Shaoping Ji, Na Fang from gene-modified organism studies. Front Endocrinol
Formal analysis: Shaohao Liu (Lausanne). 2022;13:876370.
Investigation: Shaohao Liu, Yange Wang, Dandan Wang doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876370
Methodology: Shaohao Liu, Yange Wang, Dandan Wang
Writing – original draft: Shaohao Liu, Yange Wang, Dandan 9. Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Santoro AM, et al. The
Wang proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic
Writing – review & editing: Shaohao Liu, Fei Wang potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges. Pharmacol
Ther. 2020;213:107579.
Ethics approval and consent to participate doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107579
Not applicable. 10. Cornelius RJ, Ferdaus MZ, Nelson JW, McCormick JA.

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 11 doi: 10.36922/GPD025070014