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International Journal of Bioprinting Magnetic (Bio)inks for tissue engineering

Figure 3. Examples of applications of magnetic hydrogels fabricated using 3D (bio)printing techniques. This approach allows to tailor the architecture of
fibers within printed hydrogels while they are being printed (in (A) top to bottom: printing apparatus with magnetic stimulation, printed hydrogel with
differently oriented fibers, and microarchitecture of the different layers of the hydrogel). This approach has applications in the printing of controllable soft
robots for tissue engineering applications (B) and allows the creation of very complex and diverse structures, such as the nose of Nikola Tesla (in (C): I–K).
Reproduced with permission from [14], [6], and [64], respectively. Abbreviations: MR, right magnet; ML, left magnet; MB, bottom magnet.

Volume 10 Issue 1 (2024) 10 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0965