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International

                                                                         Journal of Bioprinting



                                        RESEARCH ARTICLE
                                        RESEARCH ARTICLE
                                        Improving the transdermal delivery of
                                        vitamin C by 3D-printed microneedle particles
                                        for alleviating skin photodamage



                                        Li Zhang , Haofan Liu , Linghong Guo 2,3,4† , Xuebing Jiang , Siyi Wang ,
                                                                                          1
                                                                                                    1,5
                                               1†
                                                           1†
                                        Run Tian , Yiting Huang , Xian Jiang *, and Maling Gou *
                                               1,2
                                                                        2,3
                                                                                         1
                                                             1
                                        1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University,
                                        610041 Chengdu, China
                                        2 Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
                                        3 Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science
                                        Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041
                                        Chengdu, China
                                        4 Tianfu  Jincheng  Laboratory  &  Institute  of  Future  Medical  Innovation,  City  of  Future  Medicine,
                                        641400 Chengdu, China
                                        5 Huahang Microcreate Technology Co., Ltd, 610042 Chengdu, China

                                        Abstract

                                        Skin photodamage is a common disease that can cause various skin problems, and
            † These authors contributed equally   vitamin C is frequently used as an antioxidant to protect the skin from photodamage.
            to this work.               However, vitamin C is a charged and hydrophilic molecule, which decreases skin
            *Corresponding authors:     permeability. In this study, we developed a type of microneedle particles (MNPs)
            Maling Gou                  to enhance topical vitamin C delivery. The MNPs are millimeter-sized particles with
            (goumaling@scu.edu.cn)      micron-sized needle-like structures that can be rapidly and accurately fabricated
            Xian Jiang
            (jiangxian@scu.edu.cn)      through a digital light processing (DLP)-based micro-printing process.  The
                                        mechanical properties of these MNPs are reliable for forming micropores across the
            Citation: Zhang L, Liu H, Guo L,
            et al. Improving the transdermal   stratum corneum in a painless manner. Following a topical application to the dorsal
            delivery of vitamin C by 3D-printed   skin of mice, the MNPs increased the permeability of medications. The effectiveness
            microneedle particles for alleviating   of vitamin C in mitigating skin photodamage is significantly improved. In conclusion,
            skin photodamage. Int J Bioprint.
            2024;10(1):1285.            this study presents micro-printing of MNPs for transdermal vitamin C delivery, which
            doi: 10.36922/ijb.1285      has potential applications in future treatment of skin photodamage.
            Received: July 11, 2023
            Accepted: August 15, 2023   Keywords: Microneedle particles; Micro-printing; Vitamin C delivery; Skin
            Published Online: January 8, 2024
                                        photodamage
            Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
            This is an Open Access article
            distributed under the terms of the
            Creative Commons Attribution
            License, permitting distribution,   1. Introduction
            and reproduction in any medium,
            provided the original work is   Skin is the physical barrier between the human body and the external environment.
            properly cited.
                                        It is responsible for many important physiological functions, including perspiration,
            Publisher’s Note: AccScience    sensation of heat and pain, etc. Physical, mechanical, and chemical factors as well as
            Publishing remains neutral with   pathogenic microbes can cause skin damage. Ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin damage is
            regard to jurisdictional claims in
            published maps and institutional   one of the most common skin injuries that individuals encounter in their daily lives.
            affiliations.               Exposure to UV radiation can result in various detrimental effects on the skin, such



            Volume 10 Issue 1 (2024)                       357                          https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1285
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