Page 497 - IJB-10-1

International Journal of Bioprinting Endothelial monolayer formation on scaffolds

tubular scaffolds to be seeded with endothelial cells, Writing – original draft: Sebastian Loewner
vascular smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts, to create Writing – review & editing: Cornelia Blume, Sebastian
diverse arterial wall segments such as tunica intima, Heene
tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The FDM/MEW-
generated scaffold structure shown in this work is Ethics approval and consent to participate
envisioned to be adapted to feature as a microporous In this work, no primary cells or human study subjects
3D-printed wall structure consisting of different layers were involved. An ethical vote is thus not applicable.
with different 3D-printing patterns. This structure must
be permeable to oxygen and nutrients for sustaining Consent for publication
survival of the endothelial cells and be mechanically
stable to avoid bleeding when used as a vascular implant. Not applicable.
After optimization, the tubular structure should be
tested in prospective studies involving large animals. Availability of data
All these investigative efforts are meant to realize the The histomorphological data of seeded scaffold sections as
3D printing of a complete tissue-engineered arterial well as the detailed CAD data for the printing processes
vascular graft with all vascular wall segments. described in this work are available from the corresponding
author upon request.
Acknowledgments
We thank Caroline Mueller for intense technical support References
and Dr. Rebecca Jonczyk for many helpful discussions
and suggestions concerning the cell culture experiments. 1. GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators.
Furthermore, we thank Prof. Cornelia Lee-Thedieck Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause
mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death,
(Institute for Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz 1980-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of
University Hannover) and her working group for providing Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(1):1459-1544.
us the regenHu Printer for first experimental attempts with doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
MEW as well as for helpful suggestions in establishing the
printing process, before a regenHu Printer was available 2. Cai Q, Liao W, Xue F, et al. Selection of different
endothelialization modes and different seed cells for
in the NIFE (Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical tissue-engineered vascular graft. Bioact Mater. 2021;6(8):
Engineering, Implant Research and Development). 2557-2568.
doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.021
Funding
3. Eltom A, Zhong G, Muhammad A. Scaffold techniques
This work was carried out within the framework of the and designs in tissue engineering functions and purposes:
SMART BIOTECS alliance between the Technische A review. Adv Mater Sci Eng. 2019;2019(2019):1-13.
Universitaet Braunschweig and the Leibniz University doi: 10.1155/2019/3429527
Hannover. This initiative is supported by the Ministry 4. Wang C, Xu Y, Xia J, et al. 2021;Multi-scale hierarchical
of Economy and Culture (MWK) of Lower Saxony, scaffolds with aligned micro-fibers for promoting cell
Germany. alignment. Biomed Mater. 16(4):045047.
doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ac0a90
Conflict of interest 5. Liu RH, Ong CS, Fukunishi T, Ong K, Hibino N. Review of
The authors declare no conflicts of interest. vascular graft studies in large animal models. Tissue Eng Part
B Rev. 2018;24(2):133-143.
Author contributions doi: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0350
6. Ainsworth MJ, Chirico N, Ruijter M de, et al. Convergence
Conceptualization: Sebastian Loewner, Cornelia Blume of melt electrowriting and extrusion-based bioprinting for
Formal analysis: Sebastian Loewner vascular patterning of a myocardial construct. Biofabrication.
Funding acquisition: Cornelia Blume, Holger Blume 2023;15(3):035025.
Investigation: Sebastian Loewner, Cornelia Blume doi: 10.1088/1758-5090/ace07f
Methodology: Sebastian Loewner, Henrik Heymann 7. Galarraga JH, Locke RC, Witherel CE, et al. Fabrication
Project administration: Cornelia Blume, Holger Blume of MSC-laden composites of hyaluronic acid hydrogels
Software: Henrik Heymann reinforced with MEW scaffolds for cartilage repair.
Supervision: Fabian Cholewa, Sebastian Heene, Cornelia Biofabrication. 2021;14(1):014106.
Blume doi: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac3acb

Volume 10 Issue 1 (2024) 489 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1111