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International Journal of Bioprinting PEDOT/PSS-based sensors

soft polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO), or printing on a a remarkable metamorphosis in terms of sample
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thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate. Thin films type amenable for testing, i.e., from blood-based
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of PEDOT:PSS/PEO polymer can resist up to 50% tensile glucose measurement to saliva-based detection. This
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strain with minimal changes in electrical performance, transformation has been driven by the desire to make
while PEDOT:PSS/TPU polymer can achieve one-time blood sugar monitoring more convenient and user-
stretching up to 40%, increasing the sheet resistance up friendly, shifting away from invasive blood measurements
to 214 Ohm/sq only. The integration of hydrogels and that come with discomfort and inconvenience. In the
dielectric elastomer PEDOT:PSS composite materials realm of fabrication technology, the traditional screen
combines the water-based flexibility and biocompatibility printing technology has evolved into the more precise
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of hydrogels with the excellent conductivity and and adaptable methods, such as inkjet printing.
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mechanical resilience of PEDOT:PSS composites, creating Meanwhile, PEDOT:PSS modification has become a
a new paradigm of stretchable electronics. 61 key strategy in the works involving sensor materials. On
The application of stretchable and conductive materials the one hand, enhancements in electrical conductivity
has revolutionized the field of sensors, especially in and biocompatibility have paved the way for improved
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applications related to strain, pressure and force sensing. In sensor performance and reliability. On the other hand,
strain sensing, the composition of PEDOT:PSS nanofibers the combination of glucose oxidase with biosensors
with polyvinyl alcohol, coupled with a fusion of 3D has given rise to enzyme-based platforms, catapulting
printing and successive freeze-thawing, has given rise to PEDOT:PSS-modified sensors into being applied in the
a conducting polymer hydrogel strain sensor that exhibits realm of glucose oxidase-anchored enzyme biosensors 86
both ultimate strain (300%) and negligible hysteresis (Figure 5). Using appropriate surface immobilization
(<1.5%). Notably, these sensors show remarkable strategies, these enzyme biosensors realize accurate and
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attributes, such as stretchability, linearity, cyclic stability, sensitive glucose measurements. This comprehensive
and robustness against mechanical twisting and pressing. exploration underscores the importance of PEDOT:PSS
By modulating micro-cracking patterns within carbon as a groundbreaking material for advancing glucose
nanofiber-thin film sensors containing PEDOT:PSS by detection, providing a potential breakthrough for
changing thickness, these sensors exhibit an extraordinary diabetes management and personalized medicine.
linear response to exceptional tensile strains, reaching up to Furthermore, a biosensor array has been developed,
97% under a high measurement factor. Introducing fiber- featuring PEDOT:PSS conductive polymer, silicone,
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reinforced region within the PEDOT:PSS thin film proves activated carbon, and platinum nanoparticles. This array
to be an effective strategy in suppressing crack propagation allows for the concurrent measurement of glucose, lactate,
in strain sensors. Even after subjecting the sensor to 1000 and neurotransmitters like glutamate in cell cultures over
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cyclic tests at a 50% tensile strain, its operational range hours to days. Notably, the application of this array
remains robust at 70%. 82 offers a dynamic and longitudinal view on how neural
cells respond to various drugs and environmental cues.
In addition to these advancements, coating the surface It can be seamlessly integrated into micro-fluidic organ-
of acrylic polyurethane layers with a PEDOT:PSS film on-a-chip platforms or as part of intelligent culture dish
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or applying a mixture of PEDOT:PSS and polyurethane systems. This innovation enables real-time monitoring
dispersion on the contact surface of polydimethylsiloxane of multiple analytes, providing insights into cellular
plates allows for the design and fabrication of flexible behavior and responses that are crucial for advancing
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force sensors and flexible pressure sensors.
our understanding of complex biological processes and
4.4. Electrochemical sensor drug interactions.
The remarkable electrical conductivity inherent in PEDOT:PSS sensors have proven versatile in detecting
PEDOT:PSS hydrogels, coupled with their unique ability various cations and anions, such as sodium, potassium,
to retain ionic species and their compatibility with various calcium, and chloride ions, as well as in pH sensing.
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electrode substrates, renders them effective in facilitating The application of PEDOT:PSS in ulcer pH detection
electron transfer and ion diffusion. This ensures precise holds significant potential for advancing wound care. As
and responsive electrochemical signal transduction. In chronic or infected wounds often exhibit pH variations
the domain of medical diagnostics, PEDOT:PSS-based outside the normal range, the PEDOT:PSS-based sensor
electrochemical sensors hold promise for rapid and reliable provides clinicians with a valuable tool to assess wound
point-of-care testing. healing progress and infection risk. Additionally, their
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Among various biosensing applications, glucose biocompatible nature ensures minimal adverse reactions
sensors based on PEDOT:PSS have gone through when in contact with the wound environment. This

Volume 10 Issue 2 (2024) 12 doi: 10.36922/ijb.1725