Page 95 - IJB-10-2

International Journal of Bioprinting 3D-printed nanocomposites: Synthesis & applications

By optimizing the size of the conductive fillers and printing print a PVA construct that was both consistent and devoid
variables, such as temperature, movement speed, and of voids.
retention time, the nozzle jamming can be controlled. In another research, aqueous 3D-printable MXene/
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Gonzalez et al. conducted research on a mixture of polyethylene oxide (PEO) inks were developed for liquid
multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), poly(ethylene deposition modeling 3D printing. The hydrogen bonding
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glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDA), and poly(ethylene among MXenes and PEO in an aqueous system endows
glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA). The hybrid ink with thixotropy behavior, thus enabling
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desired CNT distribution was achieved by first sonicating a printing. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding
mixture containing PEGMEMA and CNTs, and then high- performance was investigated in the printed semi-
shear mixing the slurry following the addition of PEGDA transparent samples. In addition, extremely anisotropic
resin and photoinitiator. Additionally, recent research thermal properties may be achieved by the 3D printing
has also investigated the application of CNT in tissue technique. Yuan et al. conceived the idea for an intelligent
engineering applications. Shin et al. found that adding EMI shielding switch, which allowed them to concurrently
small amount of CNTs (3 mg/mL) in GelMA increased the achieve the electromagnetic shielding and transmitting
compressive modulus from 10 kPa to 32 kPa and influenced functionalities in one piece. 90
the hydrogel pore size without changing the porosity. 85,86 Basara et al. engineered human cardiac patching using
aerosol jet-printed 2D titanium carbide (Ti C T ) MXene-
4.4. MXenes-based composites PEG hybrids. Aerosol jet printing is a type of additive
2
3
x
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To create a flexible, self-standing polymer composite, manufacturing enabling to print nanomaterial-based inks
Li et al. combined the advanced polymer binder jet on curved surfaces at a spatial precision. The nanoink
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printing method (Figure 3a) with novel 2D Ti C T is volatilized with the help of an ultrasonic atomizer and
x
2
3
MXene. The negative electrostatic charge of the MXene, guided to the deposition head, where it is aerodynamically
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in conjunction with dependable ink deposition technique, focused by a concentric sheath gas flow. This process is
makes it possible for ultra-high concentrations of MXene depicted in Figure 3b. The fabricated electroconductive
ink to be expelled without any clumping or other issues. cardiac patches illustrated enhanced alignment of human-
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Due to its dissolvability in water and compatibility with induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) from pluripotent stem
biological systems, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was selected cells. They also evaluated the cytotoxic effects of the
as the basis for the polymer. Rheological studies revealed MXene-PEG hybrid hydrogel on iCMs for a period of
that the ink continued to act as a liquid and exhibited good 7 days. Further, they analyzed the protein production,
shear-thinning behavior. This, in turn, made it possible to gene function, and Ca flow intensity and transmission.
2+

Figure 3. (a) Schematic illustration of binder jet printing process. An inkjet setup was created by connecting an MXene ink supply to a peristaltic pump
and a print nozzle. A uniform coating of PVA powder was applied to the print stage by a roller and then spread there. Reproduced with the permission
from ref. Copyright © 2022 Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) Schematic illustration of ultrasonic atomizer and printer deposition head. In the ultrasonic
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atomizer (left), ultrasonication aerosolizes ink and an inert carrier gas flow (N ) presses the ink vial, forcing the aerosolized ink and inert gas flow toward
2
the deposition head. In the deposition head (right), an annular inert gas sheath (N ) focuses aerosolized ink flow and directs it to the substrate through
2
a nozzle.
Volume 10 Issue 2 (2024) 87 doi: 10.36922/ijb.1637