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International Journal of Bioprinting Supramolecular hydrogels as bioinks

3D printing method N/A N/A N/A Extrusion-type 3D printing with a precision three- axis positioning system N/A Liquid-in-liquid direct writing (hydrogel in a water bath) (Continued...)

Application Soft robotics; tissue engineering; life- like materials Biomaterial for spinal cord injury correction Biomedical applications Repair of bone defects and degeneration Cartilage regeneration; tissue engineering 3D bioprinting; 3D printing applications

Self- healing property No No Self-healable No Self-healable Self-healable

Drug loading/ release No No No No No No

Rheological/ mechanical properties Mechanical testing Magneto- responsive storage modulus; reversible- magneto- rheological and photo- rheological properties Soft mechanical properties; storage modulus: 560 Pa at 37 o C; mechanical strength: 1470 Pa Anisotropic mechanical properties; stronger storage modulus Mechanical evaluation (tensile test) and rheology Shear thinning Mechanically fragile

Reported injectability No Yes Yes Yes Yes

In vitro studies No Biocompatibility test; NSCs; IF analysis of NSC differentiation and growth No Proliferation, differentiation, and cytotoxicity assays; primary ROBs Cytocompatibility tests; MSCs; in vitro chondrogenic differentiation (qPCR, IF) No

In vivo studies No Intraneural implant study; in vivo functional and histological studies Ex vivo evaluation using osteoblasts: cell proliferation, cell adhesion and differentiation; in vivo biocompatibility in mice; subcutaneous implant In vivo evaluation on rat tibia model; implant placed in tibia bone In vivo assessment of cartilage defect repair in rat on one side of the knee joint No

Crosslinkage/ type Host–guest chemistry Non-covalent interactions (ionic and H-bonding) Peptide bond Hydrogen bonding; UV crosslinking Host–guest interaction Low energy bonds (H-bonds, π–π stacking)

Table 1. (Continued...) Polymer/ combination AAP-modified pentapeptide gelator Nap-GFFYS and β-CDV with superparamagnetic cobalt ferrite NPs embedded in their membrane 83 AGP3 171 Fmoc-FF and Fmoc- RGD short peptides with MNPs 118 NAGA and nanoclay 172 HA-CD and HA- N-alkyl-D- galactonamides 174

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 22 Ad 173 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3223