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International Journal of Bioprinting Supramolecular hydrogels as bioinks

3D printing method Extrusion-based bioprinting and 405 nm UV- crosslinking N/A Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting for cell administration in hydrogel N/A Microvalve-based inkjet in situ multilayer 3D bioprinting (Continued...)

Application Neuronal repair in the spinal cord Bone regeneration; clinical bone repair Therapeutic and clinical applications Carrier of nano/ microelectronics; disease diagnosis/ therapy; health monitoring Complex 3D tissue- like constructs in tissue engineering

Self- healing property Self-healable Self-healable Self-healable Self-healable Self-healable

Drug loading/ release Sustained delivery of OSMI-4 molecule As polymeric carriers for DBM to enhance handling properties and osteogenic potential No No No

Rheological/ mechanical properties Mechanical testing Stable mechanical properties; fast gelation Shear thinning; storage modulus (G’): ~215 Pa; loss modulus (G”): ~183 Pa Shear thinning; tunable; viscoelastic Thermo- reversibility; mechanical stability; extended lifespan Suitable viscosity and surface tension; high mechanical strength; non-swelling/ shrinking properties

Reported injectability Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes, but not detailed

In vitro studies Cytotoxicity test; adhesion and proliferation assays; NnSCs Cell viability assay; mBMSCs; ALP expression; mineralization assay Cell viability; hMSCs; tissue integration test Biocompatibility test; HeLa and MRC-5 cells In vitro viability test; AtT-20 cell (an anterior pituitary cell line) and HEK- 293 cells; biological function of printed cells (LysoTracker Red staining); biodegradability

In vivo studies In vivo experiment on SCI model rat for neuronal regeneration and axonal growth No In vivo cell retention and immunoprotection tests; subcutaneous injection in SKH1E mice In vivo gastric perforation repair in rat model No

Crosslinkage/ type Host–guest crosslinking H bonding; electrostatic interaction Isocyanate coupling chemistry; multivalent, non-covalent interactions H bonding Click chemistry; complementary hybridization

Table 1. (Continued...) Polymer/ combination GelMA and acrylated β-CD 52 Laponite nanosheets and guanidinylated chitosan 175 HPMC-modified with hydrophobic lipid C12 chains and RGD- functionalized PEG– PLA NPs 28 PEG block and temperature- responsive PNIPAM block with pH- sensitive A6ACA 160 Polypeptide–DNA conjugate (6 wt%) and bio-ink DNA linker (2 mM) 128

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 23 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3223