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International Journal of Bioprinting Supramolecular hydrogels as bioinks

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3D printing method N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Application Drug delivery; cell therapy; tissue engineering Synthetic ECM; stem cell biology; biomimetic; bioinspired synthetic materials Biomedical applications Drug delivery Biomedical materials in regenerative medicine (e.g., cartilage repair) Controlled drug release

Self- healing property Self-healable Self-healable Self-healable No Self-healable No

Drug loading/ release No Controlled release study of 70 kDa dextran encapsulation Controlled release study of 70 kDa dextran encapsulation and hydrogel erosion Temperature- mediated in vitro release kinetics studies of HCPT No In vitro drug release kinetics (brimonidine in PBS)

Rheological/ mechanical properties Mechanical testing Rheological analysis: storage modulus: -4.01 ± 0.01 kPa; loss modulus: 0.49 ± 0.13 kPa Stress relaxation modulus: ~1 × 10 4 −1 × 10 5 s (~3−30 h); shear thinning Shear thinning Viscoelastic behavior: storage modulus and loss modulus Rheological analysis and mechanical properties (compression, tensile, cyclic compression, and anti-slicing experiments)

Table 1. Examples of supramolecular hydrogels and their applications in different areas
Reported injectability No No Yes Yes, but not tested No Yes

In vitro studies No No NIH-3T3 fibroblasts; cell viability studies Hemolysis assay and in vitro cytotoxicity test (CCK-8 assay); LLC cells Biocompatibility test; mBMSC and MDSC Cytotoxicity studies; NIH3T3 fibroblasts

In vivo studies No Mice; subcutaneous implant Hairless, immunocompetent SKH1-E mice; encapsulation and release of a model macromolecule by in vivo imaging In vivo antitumor activity on mice No No

Crosslinkage/ type Non-covalent Host–guest chemistry; Click reaction Host–guest chemistry; photo-induced covalent dimerization Host–guest inclusion complexation Three-arm host– guest chemistry; UV-initiated polymerization Host–guest chemistry

Polymer/ combination Nor-seco-CB[10] and adamantylamine terminated-4-PEG 65 CB[7] and PEG 61 CB[8]-Pluronic F-127 polymers 170 α-CD and binary- drug-loaded micelles (self-assembled 8-PEG-BA-HCPT) 85 β-CD-AOI2 and A-TEG-Ad 42 4-PEG and α-CD 84

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 21 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3223