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International Journal of Bioprinting 4D printing & simulation for biomedicine
Figure 5. 4D bioprinting simulation of shape-memory effect. (a) The structure of 3D-printed shape-memory polymers (SMPs) for analyzing experimental
and simulated behavior. Scale bar = 5 mm. (b) The experimental behavior of the shape-memory process. Scale bar = 5 mm. (c) The simulated behavior
and the temperature-dependent stress–strain curve of the shape-memory process. In the absence of a memory effect, the material promptly returns to its
original state upon the removal of external force.
Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 583 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3035
