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International Journal of Bioprinting                                 4D printing & simulation for biomedicine










































































            Figure 6. Various applications of 4D bioprinting. (a) The process of the shape-memory effect: original shape, temporary shape, and recovery shape. Scale
            bar = 5 mm. (b) Star shape transforming to recovery shape. Scale bar = 5 mm. (c) Contraction and expansion process of a 4D-bioprinted stent. Scale bar =
            5 mm. (d) A folded box using rigid bodies and shape-memory polymers (SMP) as hinges.







            Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024)                       584                                doi: 10.36922/ijb.3035
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