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Ng H Y, et al.

interests in vascular engineering to push for future Conflicts of Interest
clinical translation of fabricated constructs or vascular
structures. Production time of a vascular graft used to The authors declare no competing financial interests.
take 6 to 9 months due to the need of culturing fibroblast References
sheets. But with the discovery of induced pluripotent
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The authors acknowledge receipt of a grant from China blood vessel. J Cell Mol Med, 11(5): 945–957. https://doi.
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Author contributions 11. Hoch E, Tovar G E M, Borchers K, 2014, Bioprinting
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main content; Hooi Yee Ng and Kai-Xing Alvin Lee demanding goal. Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg, 46(5): 767–
wrote the content; Che-Nan Kuo contributed some 778. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezu242
detailed techniques. 12. Stegemann J P, Kaszuba S N, Rowe S L, 2007, Review:

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