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International Journal of Bioprinting Design of biofixed metamaterial bone plates and fillers

There was some powder adhesion at the pores, but this Funding
could be removed in post-processing (e.g., sandblasting
and anodizing). The study was funded by the Henan Provincial Science and
Technology Project (242102311240) and the Open Project
3.7. Assembly of the 3D-printed bone plate, filler, of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine
and femur (Guizai reopened 202202).
We assembled the 3D-printed bone plate, filler, and
standardized screws to the 3D-printed femur (Figure 14). Conflict of interest
All the 3D-printed parts fit tightly together; the screw The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
holes were in the appropriate positions; and there were
no apparent difficulties in assembling the 3D-printed Authors’ contributions
parts. These observations highlighted that the size and
compatibility of the parts were accurate and precise. Conceptualization: Guoqing Zhang
Therefore, these 3D-printed bone plates and fillers can be Formal analysis: Guoqing Zhang, Yongsheng Zhou
used in practical applications. Funding acquisition: Guoqing Zhang Investigation: Guoqing
Zhang, Junxin Li, Xiaoyu Zhou Writing – original draft:
4. Conclusion Guoqing Zhang, Yongsheng Zhou Writing – review &
editing: Aibing Huang, Congcong Shangguan
In this study, we investigated the 3D bioprinting of a bone
plate and filler for biofixation. Our evaluation of the different Ethics approval and consent to participate
materials revealed that under stress, the diamond structure
retained its porosity and had good strength, whereas the Not applicable.
Split P structure had a large surface area-to-volume ratio Consent for publication
and relatively moderate stress concentration. The contact
interface of the mixed-porous structure fused by the Not applicable.
Boolean operation displayed obvious gaps, while the contact
interface fused by the implicit surface fusion method had Availability of data
less noticeable gaps. The mixed-porous structure retained The bone model in this study was downloaded from
the diamond structure’s high porosity and strength, as well the public database available in the Materialize Mimics
as the Split P structure’s large surface area-to-volume ratio. software, and this data is publicly available. The datasets
The topological optimization revealed slight changes in used and analyzed in the study are available from the
the displacement of the loose bone filler and a significant corresponding author upon reasonable request.
increment in the displacement of the bone plate and cortical
bone. The porous structure reduced the stiffness and stress- References
shielding effects of the bone plate and filler. After implicit
fusion, the bone plate frame, the diamond structure, and 1. Chen B, He Q, Yang J, et al. The significance of Piezo1
protein in the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis. China
screw holes were closely fitted, with a smooth transition at Tissue Eng Res. 2023;27(27):4414-4420.
the contact interface.
doi: 10.12307/2023.603
The 3D-printed bone plate and filler had a bright porous 2. Soucacos PN, Kokkalis ZT, Piagkou M, Johnson EO.
surface, a clear pore structure, and good connectivity. The Vascularized bone grafts for the management of skeletal
assembly of the 3D-printed parts demonstrated accurate defects in orthopaedic trauma and reconstructive surgery.
fittings and appropriate screw hole positions, without any Injury, 2013;44: S70-S75.
apparent difficulties. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(13)70016
Nonetheless, further research is warranted to 3. Neovius E, Engstrand T. Craniofacial reconstruction with
evaluate the biocompatibility of femoral bone plates and bone and biomaterials: review over the last 11 years. J Plast
Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63(10):1615-1623.
post-processing stages, prior to utilizing 3D-printed doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2009.06.003
metamaterial bone plates and fillers for biofixation.
4. Attarilar S, Ebrahimi M, Djavanroodi F, Fu Y, Wang L, Yang
Acknowledgment J. 3D printing technologies in metallic implants: a thematic
review on the techniques and procedures. Int J Bioprint.
This work was supported by the Analytical and Testing 2021;7(1):306.
Center of ZKNUC for performing the relevant analyses. doi: 10.18063/ijb.v7i1.306

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 402 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2388