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International Journal of Bioprinting Embedded bioprinting of cartilage

Figure 1. Schematic overview of the process development of embedded bioprinting and biofabrication of the zonally stratified cartilage. The granular
support bath was composed of gelatin/alginate (G/A) microparticles suspended in the oxidized alginate (OAlg) solution, and the bioink was a mixture
of carbonyl hydrazide-modified gelatin (Gel-CDH) solution and cells. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the impact of printing
parameters on the extrusion process and disturbance of the support bath. Next, printing parameters were optimized for stable fiber formation. Utilizing
the in situ crosslinking of Gel-CDH and OAlg, a zonally stratified cartilage construct was bioprinted. After bioprinting, the support material was removed,
followed by secondary crosslinking in CaCl to form interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) in the remaining G/A microparticles. Chondrogenic
2
differentiation was then performed on the bioprinted constructs. Mechanical and biological properties were characterized to evaluate the functionality of
the bioprinted cartilage. Abbreviation: TG, transglutaminase.

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 477 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3520