Page 77 - IJB-10-4

International Journal of Bioprinting Unique characteristics of 3D-printed microneedles

83
Figure 5. Different applications of 3D printing microneedles. (A) A microneedle with bioinspired microstructures. (B) Photographs of a 3D-printed
89
microneedle patch that could be made with various curves and geometries. Reproduced with permission from ref. (Copyright © 2020, IOP Publishing).
93
Scale bar: 10,000 μm. (C) Wearable 3D-printed microneedle-based potentiometric pH sensor. Reproduced with permission from ref. (Copyright © 2023,
103
Elsevier). (D) Interface between skin and wet electrode and microneedle electrode (ME). Reproduced with permission from ref. (Copyright © 2016,
104
MDPI). (E) 3D-printed dry electrode. Reproduced with permission from ref. (Copyright © 2012, Elsevier). Scale bar: 500 μm.
prevention and treatment. Microneedles can serve a dual biosensor capable of continuously monitoring pH (Figure
purpose as biosensors alongside their primary function 5C), glucose concentration, and drug concentration in
in transdermal drug delivery. Recent reports 14,92-94 have human interstitial fluid. Apart from being a point-of-care
highlighted conductive 3D-printed microneedle-enabled (POC) biosensor, microneedles can also be used for tumor

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 69 doi: 10.36922/ijb.1896