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Zhang Y

A

B C

Figure 1. A three-dimensional (3D)-printed true 3D microfluidic device with standard fluidic coupling. (A) The schematic illustration of the
3D-printed device showing the cross-section of the 3D helical channel. (B) The cross-section of the channel is trapezoid in shape. (C) The
actual 3D helical microfluidic device. Reproduced from Ref. Lee et al. with the permission granted under the creative common license.
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2.1. Current Development in 3D-printed several types of 3D-printed chemical reactionware
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Microfluidics using FDM for both organic and inorganic synthesis .
Bishop et al. also printed a single-channel microfluidic
Research in 3D-printed microfluidics aims to create device with standard interface connectors using FDM for
functional microfluidic components, realize complex nanoparticle preparation . Takenaga et al. developed
[25]
microfluidic architecture, and demonstrates biomedical an SLA-printed biocompatible microfluidic device
applications. with integrated biosensor for the study of cell culture
Earlier work in this field primarily focused on the conditions .
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monolithic fabrication of conventional microfluidic The most notable revolution that 3D-printing brings to
devices to bypass the traditional microfabrication. These microfluidics is the ability to freely design and fabricate
microfluidic devices fabricated by 3D-printing were in the third dimension. 3D-printing transforms the
limited to those with only basic passive microfluidic conventional planar microfluidic features into convoluted
components, such as microchannels and microchambers. 3D microfluidic networks packed into a small footprint.
Donvito et al. printed a monolithic microfluidic device It enables monolithic fabrication of overlapping
with a T-junction using inkjet-based 3D-printing for microfluidic components stacked in the vertical direction,
microdroplet generation . Chen et al. fabricated a bypassing the multi-layer bonding process required
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microplate reader-compatible microfluidic device using in traditional microfluidic fabrication. The true 3D
an inkjet-based technique and demonstrated quantitative microfluidic architecture offers an additional degree of
blood testing on this device . Kitson et al. developed freedom for fluidic manipulation. Several groups explore
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International Journal of Bioprinting (2019)–Volume 5, Issue 2 63