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Bozo, et al.
Layer-by-layer printing process of 3D ceramics implants with a complex architectonics exactly
scaffolds was performed on custom-made 3D corresponding to the planned defect substitution
printer (shown in Figure 1 and presented on in adult pig mandibular (Figure 1 C1) and tibia
Supplementary Video 1). The approach of 3D (Figure 1 C2), followed by bone reconstruction.
printing is based on a route, which allowed 3D models were made in the form of disks
chemical reaction between TCP agglomerated with standard tools in a Blender software
particles and “ink” (diluted phosphoric acid). The (Blender Foundation, Germany). In the bone
schematic set up of the custom-made 3D printer is reconstruction experiment, multispiral medical
shown in Figure 1A and B. computerized tomography (CT) of the skull and
There were several models prepared in our hindlimb of adult pig with a weight of 50 kg was
work: non-porous disks with diameter of 10- done. Then, planned bone defects were mapped
mm and thickness of 2-mm to assess baseline in computerized images using 3D slicer software
biodegradation and mechanical properties; (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Inc., USA).
disks with 10-mm diameter, 2-mm thickness, These were a segmental “T-shaped” defect of
and a net-like structure to evaluate the efficacy the tibia diaphysis with a total length of 30 mm
of gene constructs delivery and custom-made including 10 mm circular central part for complete

Figure 1. (A) Schematic overview of the three-dimensional (3D) printing approach; (B) Custom-made
3D printer: (1) 3D printer frame; (2) printing head; (3) stuffer with spreader; (4) Z-piston; (5) building
box; (6) stepper motors. (B1, B2) Custom-made 3D printer and printing head; (C1, C2) 3D planned
defects for mandibular and pig tibia.

International Journal of Bioprinting (2020)–Volume 6, Issue 3 95