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Celik, et al.

Figure 6. Fabrication of prototype product for physical evaluation.

3 Results and discussion as the originality and advantages achieved for
this product against competitors as detailed in the
After initial sketching and concept evaluation, TFA myriad of social media.
results suggested an optimum design: Candidate 5. During the product design process, advanced
Structural design verification was approved in the computer-aided design, engineering, and DfAM
virtual environment and a physical prototype was methods were successfully applied. The objectives
tested by the experts and a product satisfaction given in the design process section were achieved.
survey was completed by HWs during real, in situ Critically, light weight and relatively shorter
hospital activities. The product satisfaction survey AM production times were accomplished. When
revealed positive responses related to product considering the existing products being showcased
design features and usability (Figure 7). The in social media, the biggest disadvantages were
frame design was rated with 67% “excellent,” perceived to be relatively longer AM production
20% “good,” and 13% “average” satisfaction. No times per unit. Many approaches and concepts
user indicated an insufficiency rate for any of the for face shield products produced using AM
survey questions. Under these considerations, the technologies have been proposed during the
product design work detailed in this paper was COVID-19 pandemic to support the health
completed, and the detailed design for Candidate services. Although all of them provide some level
5 was approved (Figure 8). The single-frame of functionality, many of their design features
design used <10 g FDM filament and took lack adherence to professional design principles,
approximately 35 min to build. AM production optimum structural topology, ergonomics, and
time and only two-hole stamping operations are the application of DfAM approaches. A common
required to assemble the transparent shield to the goal in an industrial product is to improve product
frame. These product features can be interpreted quality, shorten the product development cycle,

International Journal of Bioprinting (2020)–Volume 6, Issue 4 45