Page 327 - IJB-10-6

International Journal of Bioprinting 3D-printed PPDO/GO stents for CHD treatment

by reducing hemolysis rate and platelet adhesion. 52,53 application for treating pediatric patients with CHD-
Therefore, GO is considered a potential nanofiller for the related vascular stenoses.
PPDO matrix in vascular stent applications.

In this study, we employed solution mixing and solvent 2. Materials and methods
casting to fabricate PPDO/GO composite with varying 2.1. Materials
GO content for the first time to enhance the mechanical Poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) monofilament with a diameter
properties and biocompatibility of PPDO. Physical and of 0.6 mm was purchased from META ® BIOMED (Korea);
chemical properties of PPDO/GO materials were analyzed GO (multi-walled; purity ≥98%) was purchased from
by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT- Yuanye Biotech (China); 1,1,1,3,3,3-fluoro-2-propanol
IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and (HFIP; purity ≥99.8%) was purchased from Aladdin
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thermal and Reagent (China).
electrical properties were investigated by differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the direct current (DC) 2.2. Preparation of PPDO/GO films
polarization method, respectively. Surface morphology Briefly, PPDO/GO films were prepared by solution
and hydrophilicity of PPDO/GO materials were mixing and solvent casting (Figure 1), where 1.0 g of
characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and PPDO monofilament was cut into small pieces and then
static water contact angle test, respectively. The influence dissolved in 15 mL of HFIP. GO (0–5 wt% with respect to
of GO content on the mechanical properties of PPDO/GO the weight of PPDO) was ultrasonic-dispersed in HFIP at
materials was studied by uniaxial tensile test to derive the 25°C for 1 h and mixed with the PPDO-HFIP solution by
optimum GO content. Bioresorbable PPDO/GO sliding- stirring for 5 min and subjected to ultrasonic vibration for
lock stents with optimum GO content were fabricated by 15 min. PPDO/GO-HFIP solution was poured into a flat
FDM, and the compression performance was evaluated polytetrafluoroethylene mold and dried in a vacuum oven
by a parallel plate compression test. The cytocompatibility at 45°C for 10 h to evaporate the solvent.
and hemocompatibility of PPDO/GO stents were also
analyzed. PPDO/GO filaments were also 3D printed and 2.3. Physical and chemical characterizations of
implanted into the abdominal aortas of Sprague–Dawley PPDO/GO materials
(SD) rats to evaluate in vivo endothelialization. This study The surface morphology of PPDO/GO films was observed
is the first to integrate PPDO with GO, elucidating the using an optical microscope (ZEISS Axio Image A1m
mechanism behind the enhanced mechanical properties microscope; ZEISS, Germany) and SEM (RISE-MAGNA;
of PPDO/GO composite material. Through 3D printing, TESCAN, Czech Republic) with an accelerating voltage of
we developed PPDO/GO BRSs with superior compressive 5 kV. Surfaces of PPDO/GO films were sprayed with gold
force and biocompatibility, underscoring its promising before SEM observation.

Figure 1. A schematic illustration of the preparation of PPDO/GO materials and stents. Abbreviations: GO, graphene oxide; HFIP, 1,1,1,3,3,3-fluoro-2-
propanol; PPDO, poly(p-dioxanone).

Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 319 doi: 10.36922/ijb.4530