Page 424 - IJB-10-6

International Journal of Bioprinting 3D-bioprinted respiratory disease model

Figure 2. Images of the different section designs and fully printed scaffold for printability analysis: (A) 1 mm strand spacing lattice, (B) solid surface layer,
(C) brightfield fully printed 11-layer scaffold, and (D) colored photo of the immersed scaffold. Scale bars: 3 mm.

Table 2. Printability results for scaffolds without nanoparticles.
Printing parameters Average strand Pore size (µm) Comments
diameter (µm)
Temperature (°C) Pressure (kPa) Speed (mm/s)
37 22 6 638 ± 69 463 ± 284 Strand swelling
37 22 10 489 ± 87 753 ± 358 Small amount of material accumulation
37 22 14 540 ± 68 561 ± 246 Material accumulation
37 25 6 580 ± 34 505 ± 407 Inconsistent printing; material accumulation
37 25 10 555 ± 78 577 ± 218 Consistent pore sizing
37 25 14 505 ± 75 735 ± 376 Small amount of strand discontinuities
37 28 6 481 ± 26 658 ± 227 Small amount of strand discontinuities
37 28 10 425 ± 45 679 ± 250 Strand discontinuities
37 28 14 300 ± 8 901 ± 338 Needle clogging; missing strands
27 25 10 704 ± 100 503 ± 411 Strand swelling; material accumulation
32 25 10 525 ± 45 617 ± 193 Small amount of swelling

Table 3. Printability results for scaffolds with nanoparticles.

Printing parameters Average strand Pore size (µm) Comments
diameter (µm)
Temperature (°C) Pressure (kPa) Speed (mm/s)
37 22 6 435 ± 87 766 ± 360 Inconsistent printing
37 22 10 436 ± 166 824 ± 338 Strand discontinuities
37 22 14 485 ± 38 666 ± 248 Strand discontinuities
37 25 6 609 ± 71 579 ± 419 Strand swelling; material accumulation
37 25 10 544 ± 56 578 ± 214 Small amount of swelling; consistent pore sizing
37 25 14 443 ± 42 716 ± 363 Dragging of strands
37 28 6 676 ± 86 544 ± 352 Large amount of strand swelling; material
accumulation
37 28 10 616 ± 85 653 ± 415 Large amount of strand swelling; material
accumulation
37 28 14 731 ± 92 N/A Large amount of swelling; strand discontinuities;
minimal pore spacing
27 25 10 342 ± 115 855 ± 398 Strand discontinuities
32 25 10 281 ± 60 928 ± 376 Strand discontinuities
Abbreviation: N/A: Not available.

Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 416 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3895