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International Journal of Bioprinting                                     Cellular metamaterial flexure joints




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            Figure  4.  In-hand  manipulation  of  a  wooden  block  and  its  trajectory  using  two-fingered  robotic  fingers  with:  (A)  conventional  flexure  joints;
            (B) metamaterial flexure joints.

            MFJs, the motion trajectory of the finger can have different   manipulation of a wooden cube with specific trajectory
            behavior at different ranges on the bending angle of the   and grasping of linear objects with small diameter.
            joints. These characteristics of the MFJs enable encoding of
            complex motions in the architecture of soft robotic fingers   4.4.1. In-hand manipulation
            with application in robotic grasping and manipulation.  In-hand manipulation is defined as the ability to reposition
                                                               or reorient an object with respect to the hand frame . In
                                                                                                         [22]
            4.4. Applications of MFJs in robotic grasping and   robotic hands with underactuated fingers, the in-hand
            manipulation                                       manipulation capability of the hand is limited due to
            Considering the two main characteristics of the MFJs,   the limited number of active joints. In cable-driven soft
            that  is,  multi-stiffness  behavior  and  large  range  of   robotic hands with conventional flexure joints, since the
            bending  motion,  in  this section,  the  capability of  the   stiffness of the joint is constant, the trajectory of the object
            MFJs is demonstrated through two applications: in-hand   manipulation is the same in the whole range of the joint

            Volume 9 Issue 3 (2023)                        405                         https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.696
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