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Green innovation efficiency measurement and its influencing factors in specialized and new enterprises
several Chinese regions using a two-stage DEA Using a three-stage DEA model, Fu and He 21 dis-
model. According to empirical findings, Chinese covered that the innovation efficiency of SNEs is
firms’ two-stage GIE is poor and, on the decline, comparatively poor. After eliminating environ-
with notable variations in GIE among regions. 15 mental factors and random disturbances, techni-
There are generally the following two meth- cal efficiency improves, while scale efficiency sig-
ods to gauge GIE: non-parametric estimation and nificantly decreases, but the overall innovation ef-
parametric estimation. The former is represented ficiency remains relatively low. With carbon neu-
by the DEA model proposed by Charnes, Cooper, trality as a backdrop, Yu et al., 22 using a three-
and Rhodes in 1978, while the latter is mostly stage DEA model and a systematic GMM model,
represented by Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Af- discovered that while not high overall, green fi-
terwards, Chung was the first to introduce unex- nancing efficiency of construction industry enter-
pected outputs into the DEA model and proposed prises is on the rise, and that the financial en-
the directional distance function. 16 Fare et al. 17 vironment, as well as government and financial
later proposed using the Malquist–Luenberge in- market, have a major favorable effect on green
dex method to measure super-efficiency. As tra- financing efficiency. At the same time, Yu et
ditional DEA does not consider slackness in in- al. 23 discovered that the construction industry’s
put–output, resulting in biased efficiency val- green financing efficiency still has a lot of room for
ues, Tone 18 proposed the SBM model in 2001, improvement, depending on the four-stage DEA
which subsequently provided a better evaluation model. SMEs in our nation are reflected in SNEs.
of decision-making units and ranked the evalua- Slater and Angel 24 examined the effects of en-
tions. Based on the SBM model, he proposed the vironmental rules on technological innovation in
super-SBM model. SMEs. Gong et al. 25 proposed that due to mar-
Existing research on the pathways of corpo- ket failure in environmental allocation, the gov-
rate green innovation is relatively scarce, and ernment must support green technology innova-
tion of SMEs from a macro perspective, providing
the research content is quite fragmented. Over-
encouragement and support through laws, regula-
all, several scholars approach the topic from the
tions, and policies. Zhou et al. 26 pointed out that
perspective of influencing factors, while a few
scholars use case studies. Peng 19 analyzed the green technology innovation, green manufactur-
ing, and green marketing are essential paths for
mechanism by which green economic development
SMEs to achieve sustainable technological inno-
promotes innovation from a theoretical perspec-
vation. Since specialized, sophisticated, and in-
tive, and discussed the main paths for promot-
novative enterprises are primarily in the manu-
ing innovation through green economic develop-
facturing sector, Li 27 elaborated on green innova-
ment based on practical foundations and inter-
national experience. Zhang 20 conducted a case tion in manufacturing as early as 2005, believing
that the purpose of green innovation in manufac-
study on Chenming Paper, systematically explor-
turing is to save energy and reduce consumption.
ing the specific paths for the green innovation up- 28
grade of state-owned manufacturing enterprises Horbach found that the enhancement of green
from the perspective of high-quality development. technology can strongly promote the green inno-
The study found that the green innovation of vation environment in the manufacturing indus-
Chenming Paper involves three upgrade paths: try. The beneficial effects of internet finance on
(i) green technological innovation; (ii) green or- the green technology innovation of manufactur-
29
ganizational innovation; and (iii) green industrial ing firms were investigated by Yu et al. based
30
chain innovation. on the mediating function of financing. Li et al.
found that knowledge search and reconstruction
At present, although the academic field has
conducted research on various types of enterprises have a significant role in promoting green tech-
nology innovation in specialized SMEs, in which
and industries in terms of innovation and green
the incentive effect of technical knowledge search
development, there is still a lack of research on the 31
is stronger. Ling and Ji found that enterprise
impact of green innovation on SNEs. The existing
digital transformation can significantly promote
relevant research presents a fragmented and insuf-
green technology innovation in manufacturing en-
ficiently in-depth and systematic situation, which
terprises based on different life cycles of enterprise
makes it difficult to comprehensively and accu-
development. Based on green technology innova-
rately reveal the multi-dimensional, complex re- 32
tion as an important channel, Zhang and Liu
lationship and key influencing factors involved in
found that digitalization input is a crucial prac-
the process of green innovation of SNEs. There is
tice in promoting green upgrading in the Chinese
limited research on how specialized, sophisticated,
manufacturing industry.
and creative businesses affect green innovation.
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