Page 119 - IJPS-10-3

International Journal of
Population Studies Gender differences in mental health outcomes

2. Sex

Estimates
Dependent variable Sex Mean Std. error 95% confidence interval
Lower bound Upper bound
BDS22 scale 1 11.207 a 3.049 5.193 17.220
2 15.901 a 3.266 9.460 22.341
LAS scale 1 12.722 a 2.246 8.293 17.150
2 15.336 a 2.405 10.593 20.079
LIS scale 1 47.123 a 2.958 41.289 52.957
2 46.386 a 3.168 40.138 52.634
PTSD scale 1 11.712 a 3.773 4.270 19.154
2 16.314 a 4.041 8.344 24.285
WHO5 scale 1 15.134 a 1.187 12.792 17.475
2 14.932 a 1.272 12.425 17.440
a
Notes: Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: APGAR scale=8.0140, Age=47.4720, IFD wellness scale=40.3318, Fear
of COVID scale=10.7243.

Pairwise comparisons
Dependent variable (I) Sex (J) Sex Mean difference (I‑J) Std. error Sig. b 95% confidence interval for
difference b
Lower bound Upper bound
BDS-22 scale 1 2 −4.694* 1.649 0.005 −7.946 −1.442
2 1 4.694* 1.649 0.005 1.442 7.946
LAS scale 1 2 −2.614* 1.214 0.033 −5.009 −0.219
2 1 2.614* 1.214 0.033 0.219 5.009
LIS scale 1 2 0.737 1.600 0.645 −2.418 3.892
2 1 −0.737 1.600 0.645 −3.892 2.418
PTSD scale 1 2 −4.602* 2.041 0.025 −8.627 −0.578
2 1 4.602* 2.041 0.025 0.578 8.627
WHO5 scale 1 2 0.202 0.642 0.754 −1.065 1.468
2 1 −0.202 0.642 0.754 −1.468 1.065
b
Notes: Based on estimated marginal means; *The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level; Adjustment for multiple comparisons: least significant
difference (equivalent to no adjustments).

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 113 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.1985